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Chemistry > Unit 2: Physical Properties of Matter > Flashcards

Unit 2: Physical Properties of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 phases?

A
  • gas
  • liquid
  • solid
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2
Q

what are physical properties?

A

characteristics of a substance that can be determined without altering the substance

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3
Q

what are characteristic properties?

A

properties that remain the same regardless of the amount of the substance

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4
Q

list examples of physical properties

A
  • length
  • mass
  • temperature
  • color
  • shape
  • texture
  • phase
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5
Q

list examples of characteristic properties

A
  • density
  • melting point
  • boiling point
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6
Q

what are the 3 types of motion?

A

translational, rotational, vibrational

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7
Q

describe the motion of gas particles

A

mainly translational
some rotational and vibrational

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8
Q

describe the motion of liquid particles

A

vibrational and rotational
some translational

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9
Q

describe the motion of solid particles

A

mainly vibrational
some rotational
no translational

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10
Q

what is kinetic energy and what is the formula for it

A

the energy based on the motion of the particle(s) involved

KE = 1/2 mv^2

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11
Q

what is potential energy?

A
  • energy based on the position of state of matter
  • depends on the forces (IMF) acting on it
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12
Q

KE is related to __________
PE is related to __________

A

KE is related to temperature
PE is related to phase

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13
Q

describe the correlation between KE and temperature

A
  • it is a direct correlation
  • an increase in temperature leads to an increase in motion which leads to an increase in KE
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14
Q

considering a change in phase from solid to gas, is it an endothermic or exothermic process?

A

it is endothermic

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15
Q

from solid to gas, does the negative potential energy increase or decrease?

A

the negative potential energy decreases

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16
Q

what is an exothermic change?

A

when energy is removed from matter

17
Q

what is an endothermic change?

A

when energy is added to the matter

18
Q

what is heat of fusion?

A

how much energy needs to be added in order to change the state between solid and liquid

19
Q

what is heat of vaporization?

A

the amount of energy required to turn the liquid substance into a gaseous substance

20
Q

which is greater? heat of vaporization or heat of fusion and why?

A

heat of vaporization > heat of fusion
this is because more heat energy is required to break the individual IMF to turn a liquid into a gas

21
Q

the _____ the slope, the ____ the SHC

A

the steeper the slope, the lower the SHC

22
Q

state 3 characteristic of high SHC materials

A
  1. heat up and cool down at a slower rate
  2. requires more heat to raise its temperature by a specific amount
  3. can absorb a great amount of heat
23
Q

during a phase change, what happens to the KE and PE?

A

KE doesn’t change
PE increases

24
Q

during heating, what happens to the KE and PE?

A

KE increases
PE doesn’t change

25
Q

what are the 5 points of KMT?

A
  1. the gas consists of objects with a defined mass and zero volume
  2. the gas particles travel randomly in straight-line motion where their movement can be described by the fundamental laws of mechanics
  3. all collisions involving gas particles are elastic; the KE among the particles is redistributed
  4. the gas particles don’t interact with each other or with the walls of any container
  5. the gas phase system will have an average KE that is proportional to temperature; the KE will be distributed among the particles according to a Boltzman type of distribution
26
Q

read how a galileo thermometer works

A
27
Q

what cab you use to illustrate the effect of heat on a solid in regards to volume

A

the ball and ring apparatus

28
Q

what is boiling point

A

the KE needed to make the particles break their bonds

29
Q

read how a drinking bird works

A
30
Q

what is a vapour?

A

the gas that escapes from a liquid

31
Q

what is vapour pressure?

A

the pressure the gas that escapes from a liquid exerts

32
Q

what type of correlation does vapour pressure have with temperature?

A

a direct correlation

33
Q

when does boiling point occur on a vapour pressure curve?

A

when there is a match between the vapour pressure of the liquid and the atmospheric pressure

34
Q

what 2 factors hold back a particle that is trying to escape into the gas phase?

A
  1. the IMF between the particles
  2. the atmospheric pressure (usually more important)

Chemistry (8 decks)

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