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Chemistry > Unit 1: Chemical Foundations > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chemical Foundations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of chemistry?

A

The natural brand of sciences dealing with the composition, properties and reactions of matter using micro and macroscopic perspectives.

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2
Q

What are the 3 branches of chemistry?

A
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
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3
Q

What are the 2 goals of chemistry?

A

Accuracy and Precision

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4
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Accuracy is the level to which the experimental/determined value agrees with a known/theoretical value

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5
Q

How is accuracy measured and what is the formula for it?

A

-Using percent error
- [(exp-theo)/theo] * 100%

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6
Q

What should the percent error be for high school students?

A

It should be less than or equal to 10%

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7
Q

What is an example of accuracy?

A

The closer an arrow is to the center of a dartboard, the more accurate it is

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8
Q

What is the definition of precision within a set of numbers?

A

The smaller the difference within a set, the higher the precision

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9
Q

What is the definition of precision with regards to tools?

A
  • The smaller the window for error in a tool, the higher its precision
  • In measurement tools, the precision is indicated by plus or minus half the smallest unit available
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10
Q

What is the definition of precision within individual measurements?

A

As indicated by significant figures, the greater the number of sig. figs, the greater the precision

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11
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

A systematic process with one input variable, and one output variable, while all the other variables are controlled

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12
Q

List the steps of the scientific method

A
  • ask a question
  • form an hypothesis
  • design an experiment
  • do an experiment
  • make observations
  • analyze
  • draw a conclusion
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13
Q

Why is creativity important in the scientific method?

A

It is important when asking a question, forming an hypothesis, finding observations and forming a conclusion.

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14
Q

What makes a good experiment?

A
  • It would be a slow and systematic process
  • You have to identify the variables
  • Be clear on what you are ultimately measuring
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15
Q

What is an experiment?

A

Something that involves a new input variable

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16
Q

What is a trial?

A
  • A change in the level of the independent variable involved in an experiment
  • Often 7 trials are done in an experiment
17
Q

What is a test?

A
  • A repeat of a trial to ensure reliability of the data.
  • Often 3 tests are done for each trial and the average is considered the true value
18
Q

What are the 2 types of observations?

A

Qualitative and quantitative

19
Q

What is a qualitative observation?

A

An observation related to the quality of the objects in question. They are stated in full sentences and they don’t have measurements

20
Q

What is a quantitative observation?

A

An observation related to the quantity of the objects and is the actual measurements of the objects in question.

21
Q

What is a significant figure?

A

A number that communicates a magnitude with certainty

22
Q

What is scientific notation?

A

A standardized method of representing the sig. figs of a given measurement using powers of ten

23
Q

What are the 7 fundamental quantities and their units?

A
  • mass (g)
  • time (secs)
  • temperature (kelvin)
  • length (meters)
  • amount of substance (mol)
  • electric current (amperes)
  • luminous intensity (candela)
24
Q

What is a derived unit?

A

A unit formed by the combination of one or more fundamental units

25
Q

State 3 derived units

A
  • volume (cm^3)
  • density (g/mL)
  • force (kg m/s)
26
Q

What are the 2 modes volume can be measured by?

A

Capacity mode and Cubic mode

27
Q

State 3 units in capacity and cubic mode and what they are used to measure

A

Cubic mode: used for solids
- cm^3
- dm^3
- m^3

Capacity mode: used for fluids
- mL
- L
- kL

28
Q

1cm^3 = 1 __L
1dm^3 = 1 __L
1 m^3 = 1 __L

A

1cm^3 = 1 mL
1dm^3 = 1 L
1 m^3 = 1 kL

29
Q

List the prefixes from tera- all the way to pico- with their unit and power of ten

A

Tera - 10^12 - T
Giga - 10^9 - G
Mega - 10^6 - M
KIlo - 10^3 - k
Hecto - 10^2 - h
Deca - 10^1 - da
Deci - 10^-1 - d
Centi - 10^-2 - c
Milli - 10^-3 - m
Micro - 10^-6 - μ
Nano - 10^-9 - n
Pico - 10^-12 - p

30
Q

What is the size of an atom and what is it called

A

It is called an Angstrom (Å) and it is 10^-10

Chemistry (8 decks)

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