Unit 3 : Fuels Flashcards
is the hardest type of coal and has more carbon and more energy.
Anthracite
has low carbon content but high in hydrogen and oxygen contents.
Lignite
falls in between the range of anthracite and lignite coals for its
hardness and energy output.
Bituminous
is the branch of chemistry which deals with mass and volume relations in unit operations and unit processes.
Stoichiometry
This states that a pure chemical substance always contains its elements in the same proportions by weight, and that, when two elements unite to form a series of compounds, the weight of one element combining with a fixed weight of the other are simple integral multiples of each other.
Law of Definite and Multiple Proportions.
the application of the laws of conservation of matter, of elements and of energy, and of the chemical laws of combining weights to the processes and operations of industrial chemistry.
Industrial Stoichiometry
combustible gas that occurs in porous rocks of the earth’s crust
(methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), CO, H2, N2)
Natural Gas
natural gas in liquid form
Liquefied Natural gas
can be liquefied under moderate pressure at normal temperature but are gaseous under normal atmospheric pressure
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
applied to lower thermal value gases obtained by the pyrolysis and
steam decomposition of high thermal value gases
Re-formed Gas
made from thermal decomposition of oils
Oil Gases
generated by blasting a deep, hot bed of coal of coke continuously
with a mixture of air and steam
Producer Gas
a blast of air is forced through a fuel bed and steam is passed
through forming blue water gas
Blue Water Gas
water gas enriched with oil
Carbureted Water Gas
Industrial fuels that usually contain CO, light or low molecular weight hydrocarbons and sometimes nitrogen and oxygen
Gaseous Fuels
a byproduct of the manufacture of pig iron in blast surfaces
Blast Furnace Gas
Light and heavy oils obtained in the refining of petroleum oil
Liquid Fuels
strip-mined and extracted with hot water to recover heavy oil
Tar Sands
non-porous rocks containing organic kerogen; extracted by pyrolysis
after mining
Oil Shale
obtained by synthesis or fermentation process (methyl or ethyl)
Alcohol
fuel oil that contains residual oil left over from distillation
Heavy Oils
an expression of the number and type of atoms that are present in
a single molecule of a substance. It represents the actual formula of a molecule.
Molecular Formula
also known as the simplest formula. the
ratio of elements present in the compound.
Empirical Formula
oxygen required for complete combustion
Theoretical Oxygen
