Unit 3: Folk And Popular Culture/Languages/Religions Flashcards
Folk Culture
Culture traditionally practiced by small, homogeneous, rural groups living in a relatively isolated place from other groups
Habit
Repetitive acts performed by a particular individual
Popular Culture
Culture found in a large, heterogenous society that shares certain habits despite differences and other personal characteristics
Taboo
Restriction on behavior imposed by social custom
Terroir
The contribution of the locations distinctive physical features to the way food tastes
Creole
A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
Denglish
A combination of German and English
Dialect
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation
Ebonics
A dialect spoken by some African-Americans
Extinct language
The language that was once to used by people in daily activities but is no longer used
Franglais
A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language; a combination of français and anglais, the French words for French and English, respectively
Isogloss
A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
Isolated language
A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family
Language
A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning
Language branch
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branch is derived from the same family
Language family
A collection of languages related to each other through common ancestor long before recorded history
Language group
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences and grammar and vocabulary
Lingua Franca
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
Literary tradition
Language that is written as well as spoken
Logogram
A symbol that represents the word rather than a sound
Official language
The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct business and publication of documents
Pidgin language
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a Lingua Franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages
Received Pronunciation (RP)
The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in England and now considered standard in the United Kingdom
Spanglish
A combination of Spanish English spoken by Hispanic Americans
Standard language
The form of language used for official government business, education, and mass communications
Vulgar Latin
A form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents
Agnosticism
Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists
Animism
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life
Atheism
Belief that God does not exist
Autonomous religion
A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally
Branch
A large and fundamental division within a religion
Caste
The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law
Cosmogony
A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe
Denomination
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body
Ethnic religion
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution who’s principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which it’s adherents are concentrated
Fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict is adherence to basic principles of a religion (or religious branch, denomination, or sect)
Ghetto
During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in the city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of the city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure
Hierarchical religion
A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control
Missionary
An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion
Monotheism
The doctrine of or belief in the existence of only one God
Pagan
A follower of a polytheistic religion
Pilgrimage
A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes
Sect
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination
Solstice
An astronomical event that happens twice each year, when the tilt of earth’s axis is most inclined toward or away from the sun, causing the sun’s of current position in the sky to reach it’s northernmost or southernmost extreme, and resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year
Syncretic
A religion the combines several traditions
Universalizing religion
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location
Custom
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act
