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AP Huge > Unit 1: Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Unit 1: Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Cartography

A

The science of mapmaking; cartographer backpack is used for indoor mapping.

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2
Q

Map Scale

A 
Refers to the relationship of the feature's size on the map to its actual size and earth; alters the level of detail and the amount of area covered on a map
Presented in 3 ways:
1. Ratio/fraction
2. Written scale
3. Graphic scale
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3
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A system that determines the precise position of something on earth through series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers

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4
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

A computer system the stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

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5
Q

Remote Sensing

A

The acquisition of data about earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods

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6
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

The development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

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7
Q

International Date Line

A

An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. The clock moves backwards 24 hours from passing it heading east. When crossing it heading west, the calendar moves forward one whole day.

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8
Q

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

A

The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian or 0° longitude.

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9
Q

Latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator

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10
Q

Parallel

A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

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11
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The Meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England

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12
Q

Longitude

A

The numbering system used indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian

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13
Q

Meridian

A

An arc drawn between the north and south poles

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14
Q

Projection (and distortion)

A 
The scientific method of transferring locations earth surface to a flat map. 
4 types of distortion:
1. Shape
2. Distance
3. Relative size
4. Direction
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15
Q

Place

A

A specific point in earth distinguished by a particular characteristic

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16
Q

Location

A

The position of anything on earths surface

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17
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a portion of earths surface

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18
Q

Site

A

Physical character of a place

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19
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to another place

20
Q

Region

A

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features

21
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The fashioning of a natural landscape cultural group

22
Q

Regional Studies

A

Any approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

23
Q

Formal Region (uniform region)

A

An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

24
Q

Functional Region (nodal region)

A

An area organized around a node or focal point

25
Q

Vernacular Region(perceptual region)

A

An area that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity

26
Q

Mental Map

A

A representation of a portion of earths surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located

27
Q

Culture

A

The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute the group’s distinct tradition
2 meanings:
1. To care about
2. To take care of

28
Q

Map

A

A two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface, or part of it.
Serves 2 purposes:
1. A reference tool
2. A communications tool

29
Q

Globalization

A

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope

30
Q

Housing Bubble

A

A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value

31
Q

Transnational corporation

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where it’s headquarters or shareholders are located

32
Q

Space

A

The physical gap or interval between two objects

33
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area (# and area)

34
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of something over a given area

  1. Clustered (highly concentrated
  2. Dispersed (low concentration)
35
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
Two types:
1. Geometric
2. Irregular

36
Q

Connection

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

37
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate (then diffuses)

38
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another overtime
2 types:
1. Relocation diffusion
2. Expansion diffusion (hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus)

39
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process

40
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another

41
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons/places

42
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout population

43
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though specific characteristic is rejected

44
Q

Distance Decay

A

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

45
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

Reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

46
Q

Network

A

A chain of communication that connects places

47
Q

Uneven Development

A

The increasing gap and economic conditions between core and periphal regions as a result of globalization of the economy

AP Huge (3 decks)

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