Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cross Sectional Anatomy > Unit 3 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 3 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the lobes of the Brain

A

Frontal lobe Frontal bone - Anterior lobe

Occipital Lobe Occipital bone- Posterior lobe

Parietal lobe Parietal bone- mid section

Temporal lobe Temporal bone- mid section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Regions of the brain name 4

A

Cerebrum we think about the lobes

Diencephalon

Brain stem

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What the largest portion of the brain

A

Cerebrum also known as the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The cerebrum has a right and left what?

A

Hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corpus collosum connects what?

A

Hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IHF Interhemisphere fissure seperates what?

A

the right and left hemisphere fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CEREBRUM OF THE BRAIN

A

Largest portion of brain

Also referred to as cortex

Consists of two hemispheres

Corpus Collosum connects hemispheres

IHF separates Right from left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Logitudinal fissure is also know an

A

Infrahemisphere fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Logitudinal and IHF has a what? and where is it ?

A

is the deep cleft between the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats Gyri

A

Convolutions between sulci

Bumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GYRI and SULCI

A

5 Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

  1. Precentral gyrus
  2. Central sulcus
  3. Postcentral gyrus
  4. Superior temporal gyrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats a sulci?

A

Grooves ridges, furrows

Deep sulci are fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

main one Deep fissure lateral Sylvian

A

its the lateral side

deep sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

main one sulcus

what seperates

A

Central sulcus

separates anterior and posterior

based on the location is centralized in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

not too important before the central sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

posterior

"”post’’ after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

superior temporal gyrus

A

in the temporal lobe superior aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Longitudinal or IHF is where

A

Longitudinal fissure is described as the deep cleft between the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GYRI versus Sulci

A

SULCI

Grooves ridges, furrows

DeepSulci are fissures

GYRI

lConvolutions between sulci

Bumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

whats a Gyri

A

Prominent rounded elevations or convolutions that form the cerebral hemispheres, each consisting of an exposed superficial portion and a portion hidden from view in the wall and floor of the sulci

lBumps not grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sulci

A

dip in

Grooves or Furrows on the surface of the brain bounding the several convolutions or gyri Also referred to as fissures or slight depressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CEREBRUM

A

Surface layer is gray matter

Consists of nerves cell bodies, and fibers

2-4mm thick

Lying underneath cerbral cortex is lighter colored white matter, made up of myelinated nerve fibers

Scattered throughout white matter is basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2-4 mm think what is it?

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Surface layer is gray matter

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lying underneath cerebral cortex is lighter colored white matter, made up of what?

A

MYELINATED NERVE FIBER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

inner is of the brain is what

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The outer is

A

Gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Scattered throughout white matter is

A

Basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gray matter is myelinated or not

A

its not myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cerebral cortex is

A

gray myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Two of the larges regions of basal ganglia are caudate nuclues and lentiform nucleus and lentiform nucleus

lentiform nucleus ocated is centrally located in each cerebral hemisphere

the caudate nucleus is more depth than tha lentiform nucleus

caudate nuclues is more importatant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cauadate nucleus

A

Lies in the subependymal space of the basal ganglia

visualized in association/ relationship of the lateral ventrical

Subependymal space

basal ganglia relates to the general matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Diencephalon

A

Centrally located between the hemispheres it surrounds the 3rd ventricle and conist of

Epithalamus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Brain stem

A

Subdivion of the brain stem

goes from superior to inferior

  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Brain stem where is it located

A

Midbrain located between Diencephalon and pons

surround the cerebral aquaduct

Pineal glands projects from diencephalon

cerebral peduncles are ropelike bundles on ventral aspect of midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Brain stem

A

Pons are prominent band of fibers located between midbrain and medulla oblongata

most of fibers connect to the cerebellum posterior to it

posterior to that is the medulla oblongata

and inferior to the medulla oblongata is the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Midbrain

A

Medulla Oblongata

conical shape

extends from pons to foramen magnum

then continuous with spinal cord

they run together

Cerebral aqueduct widens about halfway along Medulla Oblongata to form fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

Ventricles are filled with fluid within the brain contains CFS

Broken down into pairs of lateral ventricle they are paired not midline they are paired sagital

thrid ventricle more mid line and third ventricle is sandwhich with the thalamus

fourth ventricle more mid line

They carry the Cerebrum Spinal Fluid

the ventricles have an frontal and anterior horns they have a body and ocipital horn that can also be called posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What happens when the aqueduct wides

A

the aqueducts is the area that goes from the third to the 4th ventricle is not the 4th ventrcile when the aqueducts wides is the 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Whats midline in the brain?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

septum pellucidum is the

A

space its from the corpus collusum

if we dont see a septum pellucidum on a fetus or band there no wont be a space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are midline structure in the brain

A

Third ventricle

foramen of monroe

corpus callosum? not too sure

mass intermedia

aqueducts of silvius

4th ventricle

cerebellum -vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Whats the inner table of the skull?

A

its the part of brain inside and knocking the skull

inside the brain

knocking from inside and telling the brain let me out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Whats the outer table of the skull?

A

knocking the outside of the brain skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

whats cp?

A

Chorois plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The body of the lateral ventricular is what?

A

Longest portion of the ventricular system right and left

at the atria in the lateral ventricular the chorid plexus fills the atria of the lateral ventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Wheres the atria in the brain?

A

the atria of the lateral ventricle is just communication it fans out to get to the inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Whats the benefit of coronal view?

A

we can see the right and the left side together and the whole long axis

is not a transverse cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

parasagital view we can see

A

the third ventricle,

fourth ventricle

vermis

foramen magnum

and cisterna magna

we cannot see the front bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What communicates with the right ventricle and left vetricle to the third ventricle

A

Foramen of monroe or intraventricular foramen

51
Q

The third ventricle is samwich with what

A

Thalamus

52
Q

caudate nucleus is posterior to

A

vetricle the anterior horn

53
Q

what space space?

A

is where the caudate nucleus lies

54
Q

Where does the blood start when baby is premature

A

Basal ganglia

55
Q

what connect the two hemispheres

A

band of fibers connect the hemispheres and thats where thr corpus callosum is a piece of elastic

56
Q

What comes down in front

A

Just the corpus callosum

the ventricles dont do that

57
Q

The normal chorid plexus should never…..

A

it should never extend never be seen in the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle it wraps and hugs the thalamus it does not extend its blood

58
Q

What lies in the sepemble space in the matrix

A

the caudate nucleus

59
Q

choroid plexus produces what?

A

Cerebraspinal fluid CSF

60
Q

the choroid plexus is found where?

A

flips over the caudate nucleus and it grooves and its the choroid plexus

and the choroid plexus is found on the floor of the body of the lateral ventrical and they roof in the inferior horn should never never never go into the posterior horn

61
Q

Whats another name for the posterior horn?

A

Occipital horn

62
Q

Where does the baby bleed at 32 weeks highly vascular

A

its what bleed first in the caudate nucleus

63
Q

Another name for temporal horn

A

inferior horn

64
Q

another name for anterior horn

A

frontal horn

65
Q

Two ventricle they communicate each other with

path way

A

via the interventricular foramen or formamen of monroe is the fluid to dump into the 3rd ventricle

they come together to form the 3rd ventricle

after the 3rd vetricle is the mass intermedia then the aqueduct of sylvius

the aqueduct of sylvius is the passage from the 3rd to the 4th

then the 4th ventricle

66
Q

Where is the aqueduct of sylvius

A

is the passage from 3rd to 4th ventricle

67
Q

Where is the CFS is form and also is a

A

Choroid plexus

Vascular network

68
Q

Where is choroid plexus located

A

lateral ventricle

on the floor of the body in roof of the inferior horn

3 ventricle ( lateral ventricle ) and 4 ventricle

69
Q

Where is the caudate nucleus

A

sympedimal space in the general matrix is where bleed in premature starts is not matured and not vascular

70
Q

Caudate nucleus is part of what

is broken into body head and tail

which is the biggest

where is located

A

basal ganglia

the head is the biggest

it communicates with the lateral ventricle

71
Q

What landmark do we use

A

vetricle wraps around the thalamus and we use it as a landmark the lateral ventricle

72
Q

Whats the largest portion of the diecephalon

A

thalamus it surrounds the third ventricle and it mushes it the thalamus forms the lateral wall of the thrird ventricle

the thalamus has a vermis that connects the two sides and has a sensory pathway to the cerebrum

73
Q

Thalamus surrounds the

A

thalamus it surrounds the third ventricle and it mushes it the thalamus forms the lateral wall of the thrird ventricle

the thalamus has a vermis that connects the two sides and has a sensory pathway to the cerebrum

74
Q

Epithalamus

A

part of the diecephalon form the roof of the 3rd ventricle

coming off the epithalamus is the midline of ….

75
Q

Hypothalmus forms the

A

floor of the 3rd vetricle

76
Q

luska is

A

paired lateral

77
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Main producer of CSF

Specialized vascular unit

Loated in LV, 3rdV, 4thV

Inferior V

78
Q

Caudate Nucleus

A

Gray matter dispersed in white

Basal Ganglia

Head, body Tail

Located in LV

79
Q

Thalamus

A

Largest part of diencephalon

Surrounds 3rd V

Forms lateral walls of 3rd V

Sensory pathway to cerebrum

80
Q

Epithalamus

A

Forms roof of 3V

Midline projection forms pineal gland

81
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Forms floor of 3V

82
Q

Whats the largest part of the diecephalon

A

Thalamus

83
Q

Massa Intermediate

A

Passes thru 3v between hemithalamus

84
Q

Foramen of Monro

A

Aka Interventricular Foramina

Communication between Lateral ventricles and 3rd V

85
Q

Aqueduct of sylvius

A

Aka cerebral aqueduct

Passes thru the midbrain

Relatively long

86
Q

Foramina of Luschka

A

Present in lateral walls of 4thV

Paired

87
Q

Foramen of Magendie

A

Coomunication of 4th ventricles with subarachnoid space

single not paired just single

88
Q

Internal Carotid Artery

A

Two pairs of arteries

Cerebral portion extends to meidal end of Lateral cerbral fissure

Then divideds into ACA and MCA

Two anterior cerebral arteries

Go towards Long Fissure

Connected by Anterior communicating artery

89
Q

Continue with arteries

A

Two arteries then run parallel in long fissure and give off branches to supply frontal and parietal lobes

Middle Cerebral Artery

Passes thrure lateral fissure and spread over lateral surface of brain

Posterior Communicating Artery

Runs posteriorly to anastomose with posterior cerebral arteries

90
Q

Vertebral Arteries

A

Paired,

Branches of subclavian

Course superiorly thru transverse foramina of C-6

Pass thru foramen magnum, pierce dura and enter cerebellomedullary cistern of subarachnoid space

Right and left join- Basilar artery

91
Q

Circulus Arteriosus Cerebri

A

Configuration seen at base of brain

Shows vessels anastomosing to form a circle

Circle of Willis

Internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral arteries and anterior and posterior communicating arteries

92
Q

Heart and Vascular Components

The heart is a… organ

whats the size

shape

A

Heart is a hollow muscular organ

Composed of four chambers

Approximately the size of a fist clenched

Trapezoid shaped (sort of)

93
Q

Superficial relationships of the Heart

What does the heart includes

Formed by what?

where is it ?

gives what ?

A

Includes:

Base is the widest most posterior , Broad and posterior

Most superfiscial /post region of heart

Mainly the base is formed by the left atria

Formed by atria *(mainly left)

Gives rise to the great vessels

94
Q

HEART

What formed by the left ventricle?

how does the heart point?

what level?

how does the apex points?

A

APEX is the pointy area

formed by left ventricle

The base point inferiorly and anteriorly position

points inferiorly, anteriorly and to Left

The apex of the heart Located at level of 5th intercostal apace,

The apex is just medial to mid-clavicular line

to get all the chambers we shoot through the apex to get a better image

95
Q

HEARTHEART

Sternocostal surface is

anterior or posterior and what is it formed by?

A

Sternocostal Suface is the anterior surface of the heart

Anterior surface

Formed by rt atrium, Rt ventricle and a

Small portion of Lt ventricle

What in front is the right atrium the right ventricle and small portion of the left vetricle

96
Q

HEART

Diaphragmatic surface

Superior or inferior

where does it rest?

What forms the diaphragmatic surfaces

A

Diaphragmatic
Surface

Inferior surface Rests on central tendon of diaphragm

Formed by both ventricles, and small portion of right atrium

Both ventricles and small portion of the riht atrium for the diaphragmatic surfaces

97
Q

heart

Pulmonary surface is what to the heart?

what side?

formed by what?

A

Pulmonary Surface is lateral to the heart

Left surface left side

Formed mainly by LV, and fills the cardiac notch in the lungon the left side of left lung

98
Q

Heart Borders

Right, left, superior border

inferior border list them

A

Right border: RA and between SVI and IVC

Right side of the heart is formed by Right Atrium between the SIV and IVC

Left border: formed by Apex of heart is formed by the left ventricle (LV)

Superior border: formed by RA, LA Right Atrium

Inferior Border: Formed by RV and lil’ LV Right ventricle and Left ventricle

99
Q

Pericardium

the heart is enclosed by what?

what surrounds the heart and great vessels?

broken into 4 list them?

A

Heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac peri means surround the heart

Sac surrounds heart and great vessels is never stops moving cuz the heart is constently moving

Broken down into :

Fibrous Pericardium outside

Serous Pericarium inside

Parietal Layer closes to the surface

Visceral Layer (Epicardium) closes to the heart

100
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

outer layer is attached to what?

A

Outer layer
Attached to central tendon of diaphragm
Pierced by the IVC

101
Q

Serous Pericardium

inner layer is what?

A

Inner layer to Fibrous layer

Double layered serous membrane:

Parietal Layer outer capsule

Visceral Layer closes to the organ

102
Q

Layer of Serous Pericardium

parietal layer lines what?

what covers the outer surface and vessels

A

Parietal Layer:

Lines the inner surface of fibrous pericarium

Visceral Layer:

Also called Epicardium

Covers outer surface of heart and roots of great vessels

103
Q

whre is the Pericardial Cavity located?

A

Located between parietal and visceral layers is a potential space

Space referred to as pericardial cavity

104
Q

Pericardium cavity

What does it contain?

whats its job?

what located between the percardium and the heart wall?

A

Contains thin film of serous fluid

Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction to tissues caused by heart movements

Located between the percardium and the heart wall is a layer of epicardial fat

105
Q

HEART WALL

what layers is the heart wall made of

list 3

A

Consists of three layers

  • *-Epicardium top of muscle
  • Myocardium muslce
  • Endocardium inner within closer to the inner cavity**
106
Q

Layers of the Heart

what 3 layes

A

Consists of three layers

-Epicardium: Thin outer layer

in contact w/pericardium

-Myocardium: Thick muscle layer

Strong muscle the posrtion that causes contraction

-Endocardium: Thin endothelial layer

Lines inner surface, inside the ventricle

107
Q

HEART CHAMBERS

how many chambers the heart has?

list them

A

Four Chambers

two atria

two ventricles

fetus has opening between Interartail septum: Foramen Ovale

108
Q

Foramen Ovale

where is the foramen ovale and what happens

A

During embryologic development oval opening exists within the interatrial septum
Allows blood flow between the RA and LA during lung development
CLOSES AT BIRTH (“hole in the heart”)

109
Q

HEART CHAMBERS

name the 4 chambers

A

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

110
Q

Right Atrium

receives deox, or O2? blood

A

Forms right border of heart

receives deoxygenated blood from body via Vena cava

Also from Coronary sinus and cardiac veins (myocardium)

111
Q

Right Atrium projects what?

A

Right auricle projects upward and towards left from right atrium

Covering root of aorta

112
Q

Right Ventricle lies where?

small or large?

received O2 or deoxygenated blood

A

Lies on diaphragm

comprises largest part of anterior surface

Recieves deoxygenated blood from right atrium and forces it into pulmonary trunk then to lung

113
Q

Papillary Muscles (ventricular

whats the shape and projecting from…..

A

Projecting from inferior surface of ventricle walls are conical shaped projections of cardiac muscles

Anchor valve to ventricle

114
Q

Left Atrium

where is the left atrium

O2 or not?

Project what?

A

Lies posterior to right atrium

most posterior surface of heart

Oxygenated blood from lungs thru PV

also has an auricle that projects to left of pulmonary trunk over superior surface of heart

115
Q

Left Ventricle

forms the what?

O2 or not

A

Forms the apex, left border and most inferior surface of heart

receives oxygenated blood from left atrium and pumps that into aorta to forward thru systemic circuit

116
Q

Cardiac Valves

where are the located and divided into what?

A

Valves located in heart that function to maintain one-way direcdtional blood thru heart

Divided into two groups

Atrioventricular and Semilunar

117
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

where are they found?

whats the function?

A

Found at entrance to both ventricles

function to control backflow of blood between atria and ventricles during ventricular contractions

118
Q

Leaflets of valves

where do they connect?

what kind of tissue are they?

A

Connected to papilalr muscle sby chordae tendineae

These are fibrous cords of tissues

119
Q

AV valves

which one has three leaflets where are they

which one has 2

A

Right

Three leaflets

Called the tricuspid valve

Left

Two leaflets

Bicuspid

120
Q

Semilunar Valves

located where?

whats the fucntion

seperates what?

A

Located at junction where ventricles meet great vessels

Separates ventricle from circulatory system

Three crescent shaped cusps

Prevent back flow

121
Q

Semilunar Valves

how many valves are they?

name them?

where are they located?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

located at junction of RV and PA

Aortic Semilunar

lies between LV and ascending aorta

122
Q

Diaphragm

origin, insertion, action

A

Origin

Internal body wall

Insertion

Central tendomn

Action

Enlarges thorax during inspiration

Separates the chest from Abdominal Cavity

Musculotendineous

Extends under rib cage to level of 5th Intercostal space

Usually higer on on right

123
Q

Whats the trigone

A

The atrium, or trigone of the lateral ventricle is the site where the anterior, occipital and temporal horns join together

124
Q
A

Cross Sectional Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions