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Cross Sectional Anatomy > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 Pelvic Landmarks and Quadrants

A
  1. Iliac Wings (crest)
  2. Umbilicus
  3. Symphysis Pubis
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2
Q

PELVIC CAVITY see pic 1

A
  • Ill-defined area of body where the trunk meets the lower limbs
  • Bony pelvis lies in close relationship to cavity
  • Female and Male * reproductive organs are mainly located in this cavity
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3
Q

BONY PELVIS see pic 4

A
  • Encloses a funnel – shaped cavity
  • Inferior portion of Abdominopelvic cavity
  • Divided into Pelvis major Pelvis minor
  • Forms the funnel cavity
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4
Q

PELVIS MAJOR also known as the False pelvis

see pic 7,8,9,10

A
  • Also called FALSE pelvis
  • Space between iliac fossa and its inferior boundary
  • Defined by pelvic brim
  • Part of abdominal Cavity
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5
Q

**False Pelvis what organs are within?

A

Abdominal viscera: parts of small intestine Sigmoid colon and Abominal Muscles

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6
Q

What muscles are in the Major Pelvis, False Pelvis

A

Psoas Major and Iliacus Muscles

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7
Q

PELVIS MINOR ALSO KNOWN AS

The space below…..

A

True Pelvis

Most of the female reproductive organs lie here if Norm size

Space below the pelvic brim and enclosed by sacrum, ischium, pubis and portion of ilium

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8
Q

What does the true pelvis contain? see pic 8,9,10

A
  1. U-Bladder
  2. Rectum
  3. Internal reproductive organs
  4. Portion of mobile GI tract
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9
Q

What muscles are in the True Pelvic see pic 20, 21

A
  1. Obturator Internus
  2. Piriformis
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10
Q

PELVIS MINOR/FALSE PELVIS see pic 2

what divides them?

A
  • I_maginary line divides the True from false pelvis_
  • Extends from Symphysis Pubis to Sacral Promontory
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11
Q

What defines the Pelvic Brim

A

The False Pelvic

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12
Q

Bony Frame Work of Pelvis

Is formed by? see pic 11

A
  1. the sacrum
  2. the coccyx
  3. paired os coxae
  4. (Hip Bones)
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13
Q

THE SACRUM see pic 5

A

Along with the coccyx the sacrum makes up the posterior midline portion of the bony pelvis

Tips Posteriorly

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14
Q

Where is the Sacrum? see pic 6

A
  • Articulates with L-5
  • Tips posteriorly
  • Angle formed called Lumbosacral angle
  • Transmits with of the body to hip bones, then to lower extremities
  • Normally five sacral vertebrae fuse into a triangle-like mass*
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15
Q

SACRUM see pic 5

A

Anteriorly the upper margin S1 forms the Sacral Promontory

This is the posterior landmark for the True Pelvis, inlet or pelvic brim

made up by the anterior sacral promontory

Is normally fused

Anterior surface of sacrum (pelvic surface) forms a concave curve

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16
Q

Sacral Formina

What is it? what goes through?

Where are the openings?

how many are they? see pic 5

A
  • Both anteriorly and posteriorly are rows of four openings
  • This is where nerves pass thru
  • Posteriorly surface of sacrum between formina and and fused spinous process from the median crest
  • S-5 has no spinal or lamina referred to as Sacral hiatus
  • This is where an epidural injection occurs
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17
Q

Where is the COCCYX BONE?

Whats another name for the bone?

Where does it join?

Made by what?

fused by?

A
  • most inferior portion of vertebral column
  • Also called the tail bone
  • Joined to sacrum by cartilage
  • Usually made of 3-4 rudimentary (underdeveloped) vertebra
  • usually fused by adulthood
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18
Q

Does the Coccyk Bone offers support?

Where does it attach?

A
  • Offers no support to vertebral column
  • Provides attachment for Gluteus Maximus muscle
  • Provides attachment for pelvic floor muscles
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19
Q

Where is the OS COXAE see pic 3

what do each consist?

A

Innominate bones (paired) Lay person may refer to them as hip bones

Right and left ilium

Right and left pubis

Right and left ischium

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20
Q

Right and left ILIUM see pic 3

Is it the smallest? Largest?

Where is it?

What aspect is in it?

Where does it originate?

A
  • Largest of the three bones of the hips
  • Superior part of the Ilium presents a large, wing-like surface called the ala
  • Inner aspect of the ala is the illiac fossa
  • This is the origination of the iliacus muscle
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21
Q

What makes up the coccyk

A

is joined to sacrum by cartilage

its consist of four rudimentary vertebrae with no processes or foramina

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22
Q

Where is the Illiac crest? in the Ilium see pic 3

A

Iliac Crest, most superior portion of the Illium

its an Xray landmark

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23
Q

*What make up the pelvis?

A

Enclosed a funnel shape

Formed by

The Sacrum

The Coccyk

The Paired OS Coxae

The Hip bones

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24
Q

Whats Posteriorly in the Illium see pic 3

A

Posteriorly ilium articulates with sacrum at the Sacroiliac joint

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25
Q

What in the Hip

What 3 make up the Pelvic Girdle

A

HIP (ball-and-socket, head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis)

2 Coxa bones (os coxae)

Illium

Ischium

pubis

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26
Q

Where does the Pubis Bone meet?

A

Meets in the anterior midline at SP (superior pubic)

just lateral to the body forms the pubic turbercle and from this point the superior pubis ramus extends laterally to meet the illium

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27
Q

*What Makes up the Sacrum?

A

The posterior midline portion of the bony pelvis and the anterior sacral promontory

Normally 5 sacral vertebrae to the lower extremities.they form the triangular mass articulates witht the 5 lumbar vertebra superiorly tilts to form the lumbosacral angle.

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28
Q

*Urogenital Diaphragm Cheat notes

A

Lies immediately deep to the external Genitalia. Consists of Perinei Muscle and the External Anal Sphicter

External to Pelvic and Urogenital Diaphragm is the Perineum, which extends from the pubic arch to the tip of the coccyx. This is further divided by a line drawn between the ischial tuberosities,

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29
Q

*What are Innominate bones

A

Two ilium

Two pubis

Two Ischium

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30
Q

*Perineum is part of what?

A

also part of pelvic outlet

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31
Q

*Perineum (also part of pelvic outlet)

A

Posterior Anal Region

Anterior Urogenital Region

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32
Q

*Pelvic Diaphragm

A

Principle supporting structure supporting pelvic viscera

Forms a muscular pelvic floor by the following two muscles (paired)

LAM MUSCLES AND COCCYGEUS

LAM –Larger of two pelvic floor muscles, most important

Originate on pelvic surface of pubis and spine of Ischium, insert at coccyx, and the ipsilateral muscle

Coccygeus- Smaller of the two

Originate is spine of ischium, fibers fan out and inserts on the sacrum and coccyx

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33
Q

Pelvic

A
  • Pelvic surcafe of superior margin of ramus is sharp and form the pectineal line
  • Continuos with arcuate line of illium and scaral promontory to mark pelvic brim
  • Inferior pubis ramus extends inferiorly from body to connect to with the ischium
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34
Q

Pubic Bones Description

A
  • Inferior rami of pelvic bones meet at the SP to form the pubic arch
  • Pubis arch also known as the subpubic angle
  • Subpubic angle is 70 degrees in males and 80 degrees in females
  • infeiror portion of hip bones is formed by the ischium
  • illium, pubic and ischium meet in acetabulum where head of femur articulates
    *
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35
Q

MUSCULAR COMPONENTS

A

Functionally muscles of pelvic wall are associated with movement of the thigh

Some are external to pelvis also

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36
Q

MUSCULAR COMPONENTS

A

Muscles of the false pelvis are mainly abdominal muscles Psoas (minor) and Iliacus These continue in the pelvis and then go on to the thigh

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37
Q

*PSOAS MUSCLE

Described location, insertion, termination

A

Long, fleshy muscle

Muscle mass seen lateral to the vertebral bodies extends from abdominal to pelvis

Terminates and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur (anterior thigh)

Works along with the iliacus

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38
Q

*Obturator Internus Muscle OIM

Shape

cover…..

Wheres does it originate

know the path

A

Fan-shaped muscle

Covers lateral wall of true pelvis

Originates on inner surface of pelvic bones

Crosses over obturator foramen and closes off the opening

Leaves pelvis thru the lesser sciatic notch

Turns and inserts of medial surface of greater trochanter

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39
Q

PIRIFORMIS MUSCLE

A

Located partially on the posterior wall of the true pelvis and partially external to the pelvis, posterior to the hip joint

originates on the anterior surface of sacrum and passes through the greater sciatic notch to insert at greater trochanter

Closely related to sacral nerve plexus and rotates and abducts thigh

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40
Q

PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES

A

The floor of the pelvis is formed by the coccygeus and levator ani muscles (as viewed from above).

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41
Q

LEVATOR ANI (LAM)

A

Largest muscle of the pelvic diaphragm

Integrity of pelvic floor depends on the appropriate function of the LAM

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42
Q

WHAT ARE THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLES

A

Made up of:

pubococcygeus, puborectalis iliococcygeus

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43
Q

MORE MUSCLES

A

Pelvic cavity viewed from above. The piriformis and obturator internus muscles pass out from the pelvis through the sciatic foramina to attach to the greater tuberosity of the femur. These muscles make up the pelvic wall along with iliopsoas

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44
Q

*Obturator Internus

What type of shape?

where does it attach

A

Fan shaped muscle obturator is just inferior to insertion of OIM at greater trochanter

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45
Q

*Obturator Internus

A

Muscles of pelvic wall and diaphragm

Originates at obturator foramen and pubic bone

Inserts into greater trochanter of femur medially

Rotates the thigh

Hammocks the bladder posteriorly and laterally

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46
Q

*Piriformis

A

Originates at ilium and sacrum

Insets into greater trochanter of femur

Laterally rotates and adducts thigh

Lies deep posterior

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47
Q

Levator Ani

A

Females LAM are vulnerable during delivery childbirth

Can lead to urinary incompetence

and prolapse of uterus

Originate on pelvic surface of pubis and spine of ischium Fibers converge to insert on coccyx and some to colateral muscle

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48
Q

Coccygeus

A

Smaller of two pelvic diaphragm muscles

Origin is the spine of the ischium

fibers fan out to form a traingular sheet that inserts on sacrum and coccyx

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49
Q

*ILIACUS

A

Fan-shaped muscle that originates along the crest and fossa of the ilium

Lines the iliac fossa

Appears lateral to Psoas minor

Fibers insert on femur with psoas

Appears to merge with psoas as one muscle

Similar function

Often referred to as iliopsoas if linked with Psoas minor

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50
Q

MUSCLE : TRUE pelvic wall

A

Obturator internus

Piriformis

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51
Q

Coccyx bone provides attachment where?

A

Pelvic floor muscles

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52
Q

Coccygeus muscle pic

A
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53
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Superior surface is covered by peritoneum Superior

This is the Body area

Posterior surface is fundus or base

Related to ant surface of vagina

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54
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Pyramid-shaped muscular organ

Rest on pelvic floor

Immediately posterior to SP

Function Temporary Reservoir for storage of urine

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55
Q

Urinary Bladder

what structure does it contain?

Bladder is anchored by what?

A

Bladder Neck

contains muscular sphincter.

Apex of bladder formed by superior/inferiorlateral surface

Bladder anchored to bladder by pelvic ligaments

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56
Q

Urethra

location

what does it contain

A

In both genders it passes thru urogenital diaphragm

This contains the urethral sphincter muscle

Female Urethra Short descends inferiorly and anteriorly while embedded in

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57
Q

Urethra

A

Male Much longer Extends from inferior portion of bladder to tip of penis Divided into three sections Prostatic Membranous Penile Longest portion Function Empty bladder and receive secretions from prostate and ejac ducts as well as bulbourethral glands

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58
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

Holds 200-250 mL of urine before urge is triggered

Has capacity of 750mL

Empty bladder has four serfaces Superior, Post

2-inf/lateral

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59
Q

*Rectum the location

Where does it come from

how many cm

directional starts and end

A

Terminal portion of large intestine

Extends from S3 to tip of coccyx

Approximately 15cm

Follows ant/post curve of sacrum and coccyx and ends by an infer/anterior turn to become anal canal

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60
Q

*Rectum function

A

The rectum is about eight inches long and serves, basically, as a warehouse for poop. It receives waste material from the colon and stores it until you have a bowel movement

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61
Q

Sacral Flexure

A

Anterioposterior of sacrum and coccyx

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62
Q

*Location of the bladder? in female and male?

A

When the bladder is empty it lies in the true pelvis whenit fills it can extend to the abdomen In female the bladder rest on the pelvic floor posterior to the symphysis pubis

In the male the prostate gland is between the urinary bladder and the pelvic floor

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63
Q

Perineal Flexure

A

Turns inferior and anteriorly to become anal canal

Between two flexures is a fold of tussue

Kohlarausch’s Fold

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64
Q

Female Pelvis

A

Recutm is posterior to uterus

Uterus posterior to Bladder

Anal Canal posterior to vaginal vault

Vaginal Vault posterior to urethra

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65
Q

Uterus size

shape

location

A

Size:7.5-8cm L 5cm W 2.5-3cm AP Shape: Pear Shaped Location: Anterior portion of pelvis between bladder and rectum

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66
Q

Uterine Cavity

is peritoneum or peritoneal

A

Mobile, hollow muscular organ

Partially covered by peritoneum except anteriorly where bladder lays against it at the cevicalvaginal connection

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67
Q

Layers of the uterine tissue

which layer is thickest ?

by the fundus or the cervix?

during labor what part contarcts?

A

Perimetrium External serosal layer

Myometrium Middle muscle layer

by the fundux, labor contracts

Endometrium Inner mucous layer Continuous w/ lining of Vagina

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68
Q

Parts of the Uterus

A

Cervis, Body, Fundus

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69
Q

Cervix

A

Internal and External Cervical Os

Lower cylindrical portion that joins uterus to vaginal vault

Continuous with Lining

Endometrium Thinnest in cervix

70
Q

Body of the body

A

middle third of uterus

Also referred to as central area

Area where there are dynamic changes of the Endometrium during menstrual cycle and pregnancy

71
Q

Fundus of the uterus

A

Dome shaped superior projection of body

Just superior to where the interstitial portion of tube connects with endometrial canal

Superior to Endometrial Tissue

72
Q

support to uterus

A

Uterus is supported in its midline position by paired Broad Ligament, round ligaments, uterosacral ligaments

73
Q

*Broad Ligament divides into…

What does it do?

Where?

A

Divides Pelvis into two compartments

Double fold of Peritoneum Gives lateral support. Attaches to lateral side wall

74
Q

*Broad Ligament

A

Once contains bladder, one contains rectum

Attaches to lateral side wall of pelvis, surrounding the tubes, round ligaments , ovary, paraovarium, connective tissue, unstriped muscular fiber, blood vessels and nerves

Upper edge of it encloses the tubes as it

extends from the cornua of uterus

75
Q

*Round Ligaments

A

Occupy space between layers of broad ligament and occur in front of and below of tubes

Two cords commence on each side of superior aspect of uterus and course upward and Lateral

to inguinal canal and labia

76
Q

*Ovarian Ligament

A

Cordlike thickening in broad ligament, attached the ovary to lateral wall of uterus

Utero-ovarian Ligament

77
Q

*Uterosacral ligament

A

Originate laterally at the level of internal os of cervix and pass downward along the sides of the rectum extending to S3,4

78
Q

*Suspensory Ligament

A

Carryies Ovarian Vessels

Attaches ovary to lateral pelvic wall

79
Q

What do ligaments to

A

Support the ovaries, uterus, tubes

80
Q

*Cul De sacs

A

Posterior Pouch of Douglas Posterior Cul De Sac Located between uterus and rectum

Anterior Cul de Sac Vesicouterine Pouch Between Bladder and Anterior surface of Uterus

Space of Retzius Space between AAW and Bladder

81
Q

Positions of the uterus Anteflexed

A

Common position esp with an empty bladder

body and fundus folded anteriorly towards the cervix Bent towards Bladder

(extreme tipping forward)

82
Q

Uterine Positions Anteverted

A

Common with full bladder

Uterus tipped, but not bent towards bladder or anteriorl

83
Q

Uterine Positions Retroflexed

A

Bent backwards or posteriorly towards rectum

84
Q

Uterine Retroversion

A

entire uterus tilted backwards or towards the rectum.

Slightly more tilt in reality

85
Q

*External internal illiac arteries

and Internal Illiac artery

A

The external iliac artery follows the pelvic brim, then passes under the inguinal ligament to become the formal artery.

Medial to Psoas, anteriorly, anteriorly to EIV

Illiac artery is 4 cm long branches profusely.

Internal extend into pelvic along posterior wall and provide branches to profuse bladder, uterus, vagina and rectum (ant to IIV) posterior to ureters and ovaries.

Parietal branches- pelvic wall

viceral branches- pelvic organs

86
Q

*External Illiac vein location to External Illiac Artery

directional sup, medi…

Internal illiac vein location to Internal Illiac Artery

directional sup medial…

A

External illiac vein - medial to EIA
Internal illiac vein - Posterior to IIA

EIV-EIA

IIV-IIA

87
Q

Supporting structures within the entire pelvis list 4

A

Ligaments, urogenital diaphragm, pelvic diaphragm

88
Q

**Whats not part of the bony pelvis inniminate bones

A

Coccyx and the sacrum

89
Q

*Obturator internus position?

A

Hammocks the bladder and is lateral

90
Q

Piriformis (deep) position what its hes job in the pelvic floor

A

Rectum and lateral to the rectum

91
Q

Area in relationship to the uterus general term

A

Adnexa

92
Q

Fallopiam tubes also known as

A

Uterine tubes

93
Q

*whats the size of the uterus?

A

L7.5mm to 8

W= 5mm

H= 2.5- 3

94
Q

*Ovarian ligament is ditrection to uterus

A

Ovarian extends medially and meets lateral to the uterus wall

medial aspect of the ovary to lateral aspect to the uterus

95
Q

*What ligament carries the ovarian vessles

A

Suspensory

96
Q

* Whats the main fuction of the uterus

A

Nousrish and house carries the fetus

97
Q

What are the two layers of the ovaries?

and what they carry?

A

cortex and medulla

cortex has the follicus and medulla has the nerves

98
Q

*Urinary bladder what size

A

holds 200-250ml before uruine before urge is triggered

has a capacity of 750 ml

empty bladder has four serfaces superior, post 2 inf and lateral

99
Q

Peritoneal cavity is open in what?

A

Open in female and close in male

100
Q

Pelvi diapgram is what?

which pelvis true or false?

what muscles make up the pelvic diapgram

A

group of muscles that line the floor true pelvis

101
Q

Urogenital diaphgragm

list the muscles

4

A

Superficial muscular sheet that spans outlet of pelvis

made up of

transversus perineal

Bulbospongiosus

ishiocavernosus

Urethra spitcher

102
Q

Utere is more anterior to what?

A

Vein

103
Q

Name the parts of the Fallopian tubes

A

Indifibulum

Ampulla

Isthus

Inteistine

104
Q

Cul de sac

name in order anterior tp posterior

A

1 space of retzius space between AAW and bladder

  1. Vesicouterine pouch Anterior cul de sac between bladder and anterior surface of uterus
  2. Posterior pouch of douglas posterior cul de sac located between uterus and rectum
105
Q

Levantor ani locations

A

Lateral and inferior because hammocks

106
Q
A
107
Q

The size of the rectum?

A

is about the eight inches

108
Q

Urethra is divided into three sections for men?

A

Prostiatic

membranous

Penile longerst portion

109
Q

Female urethral?

directional

A

is short?

desdends inferiorly and anteriorly while embedded

110
Q

what passes thru the urogenital diaphgrapm

its between what?

A

Urethra

The pelvic diaphgram and the perineum

111
Q

Uterine postion Retroflexed

A

Bent backwards or posteriorly towards rectum

112
Q

Uterine postion Retroversion

A

Entire uterus titled backwards or towards the rectum

slightly more tilt in reality

113
Q

Whats the size of the fallopian tube

A

12 cm length, 1-4mm diameter

114
Q

Fallopian tubes also called what

A

uterine tubes oviducts

115
Q

Fallopian Tubes general info

Known as?

Texture of tubes?

Measurement?

Where are they?

what does it contain?

A

Also known as oviducts

Coiled muscular tubes

Open into peritoneal cavity

12cm length, 1-4mm diameter

Lie superior to ovarian ligaments, round ligaments and tubo-ovarian blood vessels

Contained in upper margin of broad ligament

116
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBES

name the portions

which one is the longest?

which passes through cornua of fundus narrowest?

which one is most distenable?

which one is lateral segment?

A

Four anatomic portions

Infundibulum-Lateral segment, fimbrae

Ampulla-middle, most distend able**, longest, most coiled

Isthmus-medial

Interstitial-passes thru cornua of fundus narrowest

117
Q

Function of the uterus

A

UTERUS To house and nourish a developing fetus

118
Q

Function of the tubes

A

Tubes To transport a mature egg for fertilization in distal tube. If fertilization doesn’t occur mature ovum gets sloughed off withendometrium during menses

119
Q

OVARIES

Shape, size and where they lie?

A

Almond-shaped

Paired

Menarcheal Size 3 X 2 X 2 cm

Lie in Ovarian Fossa

120
Q

Ovaries loaction

A

Location in the adnexa Posterior aspect of the broad ligament in the fold referred to as mesovarium Medial to EIV (external illiac vein) EIA (External illiac artery) and Anterior to IIV (Internal illiac vein), IIA (Internal illiac artery), Ureters

121
Q

Blood Supply of the ovary

A

Ovarian have a double supply of blood Ovarian Arteries (branch of AA) Uterine Artery anatomizes with OA

122
Q

Ovary layers

A

Layers Outer Layer Cortex Follicles and covered by dense connective tissue (tunicaalbuginea) surrounded by single thin layer of germinal epithelium

Layers Inner Layer Medulla Connective tissue that consists of blood, nerves, lymphatic vessels and smooth muscle at hilum

123
Q

Production of Reproduction Cell

Ovaries are responsible for what?

What do they produce

They help with what?

also help with what?

A

Ovaries are responsible for the development of a mature ovum

Ovaries are responsible for production of estrogen and progesterone

Help prepare uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized ovum

Help development of mammary glands in females

124
Q

Ovarian Ligaments and support

A

OVARIAN LIGAMENTS Support ovaries medially Originate bilaterally at cornua of uterus and laterally by the suspensory Ligament Extend from infundibulum of tube and overy to sidewall of pelvis

Broad Ligament- attaches ovary to posterior aspect of broad ligament by mesovarium

125
Q

Pelvic Vasculature location

A

Common Iliac arteries Course anterior and medial to psoas Provide blood to pelvic cavity and lower extremities Bifurcate into EIA (external illiac artery)and IIA ( internal Illiac artery)

126
Q

External and Internal Iliac Arteries

A

External course along pelvic brim and go inferiorly as the femoral arteries Medial to psoas, anteriorly, Anterior to EIV

Internal extend into pelvic along posterior wall and provide branches to profuse bladder, uterus, vagina and rectum (ant to IIV), posterior to ureters and ovaries

127
Q

Vasculatures

A

OVARIAN VEINS

LOV (left ovarian vein) drains into LRV (Left renal vein)

ROV drains directly into the IVC

Uterine artery anterior branch of IIA

UA crosses anterior to ureter extends medially in broad ligament to cervix
Spirals up sidewalls of uterus within Broad Ligament to cornua, then goes laterally to anatomize with OA

128
Q

External and Internal Iliac Veins

A

External Iliac Veins Medial to EIA

Internal Iliac Veins Posterior to IIA

129
Q

Whats posterior in the pelvic cavity?

A

Rectum, colo, and ileum

130
Q

Whats anterior in the pelvic cavity

A

Bladder, ureters, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina

131
Q

Psoas Major is the pelvic musles is directional

A

Pelvic side wall

132
Q

Psoas and illiacus form

A

iliopsoas

133
Q

Illiacus muscles

A

is pelvic side wall

134
Q

Piriformis is directional

A

Posterior lateral wall

135
Q

Coccygeous directional

A

is posterior to the pelvic floor (diaphragm)

136
Q

Testicles

A

Prenatal Development – Arise in the fetal abdomen, near the developing kidneys – 4th month descend to the level of the bladder, where they will stay until the 7th month – After 7th month they descend through inguinal

canal into scrotum

137
Q

Testicles

A

The descend is hormonally controlled & usually occurs during the last month of gestation

138
Q

Normal Anatomy

A

Scrotum – Sac like Bag – Divided into 2 sections by a septum – Septum called Median Raphe – Contents suspended by spermatic cord

139
Q

Scrotal Sac

A

– Each section contains Testes Epididymis Portion of spermatic cord Ductus deferens

140
Q

Dartos muscle

A

Dartos Muscle • Connective tissue interspered w/ smooth muscle • Contraction causes wrinkling of scrotum

141
Q

Scrotum postion which one is most superior inferiror

right and left

A

Left scrotum usually lies more inferior than right

142
Q

Supporting structures of testicles

A

Scrotum – Penis – Spermatic cords

143
Q

Wheres tunica vagianalis

single layer or double layer

A

Innermost layer – Double sac

Outer parietal

Inner – visceral

Fluid may be seen

144
Q

Testes size

A

3- 5cm in length 2.5-4 cm width

145
Q

Testes are? small big?

A

Small ovoid paired glands

146
Q

Lobules how many?

what do they contain?

A

Broken down into 250-400 conical lobules Lobubles contain seminiferous tubles

147
Q

Tissue make up of Testes

A

Testes covered by Tunica Albunginea

Dense fibrous Tissue Called mediastinum Supports vessels/Ducts

148
Q

Testes *Contains two layers

A

Parietal inner -layer of scrotal wall

Visceral-Inner layer closest to testes

149
Q

Testes get support from

A

– Spermatic cord – Scrotum

150
Q

Testes Posterior attachment

A

Spermatic cord – Head & tail of each epididymis

151
Q

What the function of Ductus Deferens

wheres does it attached?

A

Vas deferens – Transports sperm from each teste to prostatic urethra Attached to peritoneum

152
Q

Main fuction of testes

A

Spermatogenesis – Production of sperm – Seminiferous tubules are responsible for production

153
Q

Vas deferens Fucntion

A

Transports sperm from each teste to prostatic urethra Attached to peritoneum, some of which drags into scrotum on descend Continuous with Epididymis

154
Q

Exocrine gland produces what?

A

Produces spermatozoa

155
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Secretes hormones

156
Q

Testosterone

A

Promotes “maleness” Secondary Sex charateristics maintained Plays a part in fluid & electrolyte metabolism – Kidney tubule reabsorption & excretion

Anabolic hormone Inhibits ant. Pituitary secretion of gonadotropins – FSH - females – ICSH - males

157
Q

Fsh is males hormone?

A
158
Q

ICSH found in male or female

A

male and its called

interstitial-cell stimulating hormone

159
Q

Epididymis size

location

name the strcutures

A

Lies along lateral border of testes Size: – Small in diameter – 6-7cm – Head, Body, Tail – Head 6-15mm sidth

160
Q

Epididymis pathway

A

Begins superiorly then courses Post/Lat to testis Contains 10-15 efferent ductules then go into single duct in Body/Tail

Tightly coiled tubular structure on posterior surface of each testes Spermatides pass from efferent ducts to epididymis Ductus Epididymis becomes Ductus Deferens which continues in spermatic cord. then transports sperm for ejaculation

161
Q

Appendix Testis

A

Remnant of Mullerian Duct-

The appendix testis (or hydatid of Morgagni) is a vestigial remnant of the Müllerian duct

Present on the u_pper pole of the testis_ and attached to the tunica vaginalis. It is present about 90% of the time.

162
Q

Whats in the true pelvis?

A

Female reproductive organs

163
Q

The space below the pelvic brim is enclosed by

A

The sacrum, ischium, pubis, and portion of the illium

164
Q

Apex of bladde is formed by?

A

ormed by superior/inferiorlateral surfac

165
Q

Left Ovarian vein darins into

A

Left Renal vein

166
Q

Common illiac arteries course

A

anterior and medial to psoas muscle

167
Q

Commin illacs arteries bifucate to ?

A

Internal illiac arteies and External arteries

168
Q

The external illiac arteries course towards where?\

Where do they supply blood?

What about internal illiac arteries

A

External pelvic brim and continues inferiorly as common femoral arteries. they supply blood to the lower extremeties External illiac artery is Anteriorly to External Iliac Vein

The internal illiac arteries extend into the pelvic cavity along the posterior wall and provide multiple branches that perfuse to the bladder, uterus, vagina and rectum

Internal Illiac arties is Anterior to Illiac internal Vein

169
Q

Uterine Artery is

A

Anterior branch of Internal Illiac Artery

170
Q

External Illiac vein is

A

Is medial to External Illiac Artery

171
Q

Internal illiac Vein is

A

posteiror to IIA internal illiac artery

Cross Sectional Anatomy (5 decks)

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