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Cross Sectional Anatomy > FINAL!!!DMS 121 > Flashcards

FINAL!!!DMS 121 Flashcards

1
Q

Planes divide the body into Inferior and superior

A

TRANSVERSE

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2
Q

What divides the body into Right and Left

A

LOGITUDINAL

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3
Q

What divides the body into Anterior and Posterior

A

SAGGITAL OR CORONA

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4
Q

What else can be used to described Superior

A

Cranial or Cephalic

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5
Q

What else can be used to described Inferior

A

Caudal

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6
Q

What else can be used to described Anterior

A

Ventral

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7
Q

What else can be used to described Posteior

A

Dorsal

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8
Q

What divides into two layers in the peritoneum

A

Visceral (covers the organ) and Parieta (lines the wall)

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9
Q

What is a 2 layered or double layered fold of peritoneum

A

MESENTERY

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10
Q

Whatr extensive peritoneal pouch is posterior to stomach

A

Lesser omentum/ Lesser Sac

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11
Q

What specific thing can occur in the peritoneum with phatalogy?

A

Aascites, fluid, infectious, accumulation, pus, blood, bile etc

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12
Q

What organs are in the peritoneal name 10

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Adrenal
  4. Pancreas
  5. Great Vessels
  6. Bladder
  7. Uterus
  8. Duodenum
  9. Prostate
  10. Colon
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13
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Portal Vein
Hepatic artery
Common Bile Duct

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14
Q

from the portal triad which one is more lateral

A

Lateral-CBD

Medial- Hepatic artery

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15
Q

Described the way the Portal Vein is entering?
Is the blood Deoxygenated or Oxygenated
How much?

A

Horizontally or oblique
Oxygenated
70 or 80%

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16
Q

How many liver lobes

Name them

A 
4
Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate Lobe
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17
Q

Which lobe in the liver is the smallets?

A

Quadrate

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18
Q

What ligament separates the right and left lobe and caudate lobe

A

Ligamentum Venosum

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19
Q

Hepatic Vein dumps into which vessel

A

IVC

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20
Q

What does the falciform ligament connects to

A

The anterior abdominal wall

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21
Q

What part is most medial? to the kidney which pole

A

The upper pole

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22
Q

Whats the relationship from the kidney to the psoas muscles

A

inferiorly and medial

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23
Q

What pouch relates to kidney and liver?

A

Marrisons

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24
Q

Whats the functional unit of the Kindey

A

Nephron

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25
Q

Where does the tail relate to

A

Hilum of the spleen

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26
Q

What are the portions of the pancreas

A

Head, neck, body and tail

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27
Q

What vessels does the pancreas has

A

GDA
CBD
Splenic Vein

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28
Q

What connects the GB to Portal Vein in imaging

A

MIF Main lobar fissure

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29
Q

3 Parts of GB

Which one is most anterior

A

neck, body and fundus

The Fundus

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30
Q

Study the flow of the GB ducts

A

study

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31
Q

What makes up the pelvic diaphrgrahm

A

Levantor Ani and Cocyggeous

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32
Q

Cordlike thickening in broad ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral wall of the uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

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33
Q

Extension of broad ligament that carries ovarian vessels and attaches ovary

A

Suspensory ligament

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34
Q

Extends laterally from the body of uterus to lateral walls of pelvis

A

Round ligament

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35
Q

Peritoneal fold that extends from the sides of the uterine wall to the pelvic floor

A

Broad ligament

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36
Q

Liver Location

A

The liver occupies most of the Rt. Hypochondrium,
the epigastrium, and extends into the left
hypogastrium. May extend to the Left Mamillary
line.
The Liver is an Intraperitoneal Organ

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37
Q

Intraperitoneal Organ: Liver

A

The surface of the liver in enclosed by peritoneum
except the “Bare Area”, which is the posterior surface
that comes in contact with the Diaphragm.
Bare area is bordered by Coronary Ligaments
(peritoneal reflections)

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38
Q

Surrounding Organs: Liver

A 
 Rt. Kidney lies inferior
and posterior
 Great vessels lie
Posteriorly
 Portal Triad enters
medially
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39
Q

Surrounding Organs Liver

A

Pancreas lies inferior and posterior
 Left lobe of liver can serve as a window to image the
pancreas

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40
Q

Liver Size, Shape and Location

A

Right lobes exceeds the left by a 6:1 ratio
 Weight: 1400 to 1600g
 Length: us. 15-17 cm
 Lower border at costal cartilage of 8-9 rib
 Each Lobule is 1 X 2 mm

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41
Q

Vascular Anatomy

A

Receives nutrients from HA and PV
 PV is 80% saturated and supplies 50-60% of oxygen
requirements for hepatocytes
 PV and HA both have echodense walls
Collegen connective sheaths cause reflections.
 HV walls less echodense
 PV runs in horizontal plane (oblique) intralobar path
 HV vary in calliper with location and breathing
 HV run more longitudinally between segments

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42
Q

The hepatic veins

A

The hepatic veins are divided into three components:
right, middle, and left. They all drain into the inferior
vena cava at the level of the diaphragm.

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43
Q

Function of the Liver

Simplified

A 
Formation of Bile
2. Activity of Reticulo-Endothelial Tissues
3. Metabolism of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins for
preparation and excretion.
4. Storage Depot
Blood Reservoir
6. Heat Production
7. Detoxification
8. Lymph Production
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44
Q

Four Fossa in Liver

A

 IVC FOSSA (Right Sagittal)
 Portal Fossa
 Left Sagittal Fossa
 Gallbladder Fossa

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45
Q

IVC Fossa

A

 Short linear depression
 located on posterior surface between caudate lobe
and bare area of liver
 Separates Quadrate lobe in front from caudate lobe
behind
 Separated from portal
by caudate

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46
Q

Left Sagittal Fossa

A 
Separates right /left
 Porta joins at rt angle
and divides in 2 parts
 Falciform liagment
telescopes into ligament
of terres inferiorly
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47
Q

Portal Fossa

A 
Short deep fissure
 Extends transversely across under surface of left lobe
 Separates quadrate lobe
in front from
caudate behind
 Transmits PV, HA, BD,
nerves, Lymphatic
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48
Q

GB FOSSA

A 
Separates Rt/ Left
 Shallow and oblong
 Located on undersurface
of right lobe of the liver
 Extends from anterior
free margin of liver to
right extremity of Porta
fossa
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49
Q

Left Lobe

A

Contains medial and lateral segments
• Medial segment often referred to as the quadrate
lobe
• Smaller and flatter than right
• situated in epigastrium and Lt Hypochondria
• Upper surface convex and molded onto diaphragm
• Under surface presents the gastric impression and
omental tuberosity

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50
Q

CAUDATE LOBE OF LIVER

A 
Situated upon the posterior surface of
right
• lies opposite T11-12
• Bounded anteriorly and caudad by the
porta
• bounded posterior by IVC
• Bounded on left by Lt Sagittal Fossa
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51
Q

Quadrate lobe

A

Obsolete term for medial aspect of left
lobe
• situated on the under surface of left lobe
• Boudned anteriorly by the anterior margin
of liver/ posteriorly by ports; right by GB
fosse, and on left by Lt sagittal fossa
• Oblong in shape

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52
Q

Left Sagittal Fossa

A

Holds the falciform ligament
• Separates right and left lobes
• Porta joins it at a right angle and divdes
into two parts
• Recanilization of Umb vein would occur in
this fossa

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53
Q

Gallbladder Fossa

A 
Shallow and oblong fossa
• Located on undersurface of rt. lobe
• Extends from anterior free margin of
liver to right extremity of porta
• Can be used to
Seperate lt/rt lobe
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54
Q

Inferior Vena Cava Fossa

A 
Short depression of posterior surface
between caudate lobe and bare area of
the liver
• Separated from the porta by the caudate
lobe
• Holds the IVC
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55
Q

Porta Fossa

A

Short deep fissure extending transversely
across under surface of left lobe
• Separates quadrate lobe anteriorly from
caudate lobe behind
• Transverse portal vein, Hepatic artery,
nerves lymphatics and Bile ducts

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56
Q

pre vertebral Vessels

A 
Arteries arising from
aorta
• Veins draining into
IVC
• Portal Venous
System
Combo
Bring blood to Liver
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57
Q

Posterior View of Liver

A 
Posterior view of the
diaphragmatic
surface of the liver.
The caudate lobe is
located on the
posterosuperior
surface of the right
lobe, opposite the
tenth and eleventh
thoracic vertebrae
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58
Q

Main Lobar Fissure

A 
Main lobar fissure (MLF)
extends between the
long axis neck of the
gallbladder (GB) and the
main portal vein (PV) on
the longitudinal image.
B, Falciform ligament
extends from the
umbilicus to the
diaphragm in a
longitudinal plane
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59
Q

Main Lobar Fissure

A 
Main lobar fissure (MLF)
extends between the
long axis neck of the
gallbladder (GB) and the
main portal vein (PV) on
the longitudinal image.
B, Falciform ligament
extends from the
umbilicus to the
diaphragm in a
longitudinal plane.
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60
Q

Ligamentum teres

A 
(LT, arrows) appears
as a bright
echogenic focus in
the left lobe of the
liver on a transverse
image.
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61
Q

Whats the verticle line that extends from the Xiphoid to the Symphysis pubis

A

Linea alba

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62
Q

ABDOMINAL CAVITIES

A 
Cavities in the Human body contain
internal organs (viscera) .
–Body divided into two portions:
Dorsal       and     Ventral
Cranial                     Thoracic
Vertebral                 Abdominal
Spinal Canal
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63
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Upper portion of the abdominopelvic
cavity
Excludes the retroperitoneum
Excludes the pelvis

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64
Q

Boundaries

A

Separates cavities or viscera
parts
Usually anatomical structure
or plane

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65
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A 
Bounded superiorly by Diaphragm
Anteriorly by abdominal wall
Posteriorly by spine, ribs and iliac
fossa
Inferiorly by pelvic cavity
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66
Q

Other Abdominal Structures

A 
Diaphragm
Some shaped muscle separates the thorax
from abd. Muscular component rises from
margins of thoracic outlet
Rt. crus of it arises from sides of bodies of
L1-3
Lt. crus of it arises from lateral bodies of
L1-2
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67
Q

Peritoneum

A 
Serous membrane
Lines the abd covity
Covers the peritoneal organs
Formed by a single layer of cells
MESOTHELIUM
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68
Q

Mesothelium

A 
Single layer of cells
Rests on thin layer of connective
tissue
If damaged or removed peritoneal
two layers may adhere
This may form adhesions (Scarring
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69
Q

Peritoneum

A

Divided into two layers
Parietal
Visceral

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70
Q

Parietal and Visceral Layer

A 
Parietal
Portion that lines the abdominal wall
Does not cover the organs
Visceral
Covers organs
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71
Q

Peritoneal Caity

A 
Potential space between the parietal
and visceral layers..
Cavity that contains small amount of
lubrication
Serous fluid lubricates with serous
fluid and helps organs move on one
another without friction
What happens with pa
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72
Q

What happens with pathology

A 
This space may become distended
with fluid
May actually contain several liters
Interstitial fluid referred to as
ASCITES
Can be benign (simple) or Malignant
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73
Q

Mesentary

A 
Two layered fold of peritoneum
Attaches part of intestines to
posterior abd wall and includes
mesentery of small intesine,
transvers mesocolon and sigmoid
mesocolon
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74
Q

Other fluids found here

A 
Blood, pus, bile, fecal material or
ruptured intestine.
These may accumulate in this cavity.
Fecal material would lead to
peritonitis , shock and possibly death
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75
Q

OMENTUM

A

Two-layered peritoneum that
attaches the stomach to
another viscus organ

76
Q

OMENTUM

A

Broken into
Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum

77
Q

Greater Omentum

A 
Attached to greater curvature of
stomach and hangs down like an
apron in space between sm. intestine
and abd. wall
Folded back on itself and attached to
inferior border of the colon
78
Q

Lesser Omentunm

A 
Slings the lesser curvature of
stomach to the undersurface of the
liver
Gastrosplenic omentum ligament
connects stomach to spleen
79
Q

SACS

A

Greater and Lesser Sac
Division of peritoneal
cavity

80
Q

Greater Sac

A

Primary compartment of peritoneal
cavity
Extends across anterior abdomen
and from diaphragm to pelvis

81
Q

Lesser Sac

A 
Extensive peritoneal pouch located
behind the lesser omentum and
stomach
Extends upward to diaphragm and
inferior between the layers of the
greater omentum
82
Q

LESSER SAC

A 
Upper abdominal dissection, with
part of the left lobe of the liver and
the lesser omentum removed to
show the area of the epiploic
foramen. Posterior to the foramen lie
the celiac trunk, portal vein, bile
duct, and related structures; one of
the most important regions in the
abdomen.
83
Q

RETROPERITONEUM

A 
Space posterior to Peritoneal
cavity
 Contains the following:
Kidneys *Uterus
Ureters *Duodenum
Adrenals Prostate
Pancreas *COLON
Great Vessels
Bladder
84
Q

Retroperitoneal Spaces

A 
Anterior Pararenal space
Vs Gerota’s fascia and post peritoneum
Asc and Descending colon also in this area
 Posterior Pararenal Space
vs. post renal fascia and PAW muscles
only fat and vessels in this area
85
Q

Retroperiotneal area

A 
 Perirenal Space
directly around the kidney
enclosed by renal fascia
Kidneys, adrenals, lymph nodes, vessels and
perirenal fat iin this area
86
Q

GI SYSTEM

A 
STOMACH
Dilated portion
of GI System
Reesponsible for
early stages of
Digestion
87
Q

Location of Stomach

A

Located under left dome of diaphragm
 Superior portion joins esophagus at the cardiac
orafice
 This forms the esophagogastric junction

88
Q

STOMACH

A 
Two borders:
Lesser Curve
Greater curve
Superior border of stomach is the fundus
Inferior border Pyloric antrum
Body-largest part vs two curves
89
Q

STOMACH

A 
Pyloric antrum empties into the duodenum
through pyloric sphincter
 Anterior surface lies in contact with
diaphragm, AAW and left lobe of liver
 Posterior, gastric portion of spleen
 Level of T11-L1
90
Q

INTESTINES

A 
 SMALL INTESTINE
Average length 6-7 meters in length
Subdivided into three parts:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
91
Q

Duodenum

A

 Begins at eh gastric pylorus
 Three parts
1
st, superior, 2nd portion and 3rd (inferior)
Curves around the head of the pancreas
Located mainly in the retroperitoneal space
less mobile than rest of bowel due to location
When duodenum enter peritoneum, becomes
jejunum

92
Q

JEJUNUM

A

 Loops of jejunum occupy the umbilical region
 then becomes the ileum
 longest portion of the small intestine
 3.5m in length
 mainly located in RLQ of abdomen
 Terminates at the ileocecal valve (lg bowel)

93
Q

Large Intestine

A 
Location is inferior to stomach and liver
 Frames the small intestine
 Diameter larger than small intestine
 Begins at the ileocecal juntion
 Terminates at the anus
 parts include: Cecum, colon, rectum
 Appendix attaches to cecum
94
Q

Large Intestine

A

 Colon largest portion
Four subdivisions: Transverse, descending,
ascending, and sigmoid
Flexures: Hepatic splenic
Sigmoid empties into rectum
Blood: Mesenteric arteries and veins
Function: Absorb water and storage of feces

95
Q

Which of the following spreads into the white matter

A

Basal ganglia

96
Q

Gyri can be described as the furrows between the sulci

true or false

A

False

97
Q

Which of the following is part of the basal ganglia

A

the caudate nucleus

98
Q

the deep cleft between the hemisphere is the

A

interhemisphere reticulum

99
Q

The Surface layer of the brain is

A

Gray matter

100
Q

Which of the following connects the two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

101
Q

chloroid plexus is often at the posterior horn

A

False

102
Q

pathway of the cerebral spinal fluid forms the lateral of the 3rd ventricle is the

A

foramen of monroe or interventricular

103
Q

The third ventricle is a midline structure and its located____________ to the 4th ventricle

A

Superior

104
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid is primaly in the

A

Chloroid plexus

105
Q

which is not a lobe of the brain

A

cerebrum

106
Q

which of the following is not a region of the brain

A

All of the above are regions of the brain

107
Q

from the band of fibers

A

medulla oblongota

108
Q

which of the flowolling in not a lateral interventricular sysmten

A

???

109
Q

Which structure borders the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

thalamus

110
Q

which plane of view demostrtate the right and left

A

Coronal

111
Q

passway of fluid 3rd and 4rth ventricle is the

A

aqueduct of sylvius

112
Q

which horn of the ventricular system is inferior to the hemithalamus

A

inferior

113
Q

which of the following has a relationship csp

A

the Anterior horm

114
Q

which of the following is not a midline structure of the

A

caudate nucleus

115
Q

which of the following is another name for the hemispheres

A

longitudinal

116
Q

the CSP is anterior to the

A

Thalamus

117
Q

which horn is located more medial to the rest

A

the anterior horn

118
Q

longitudinal view for the lateral ventricle is

A

parasagittal

119
Q

which horn is …..

A

occipital

120
Q

which of the following lies in the subpendymal space

A

general matrix

121
Q

which of the following is a routine

A

transverse

122
Q

which portion of the lateral ventricle

A

body of the chlo

123
Q

hypothalamus is part of the

A

diencephalon

124
Q

seminular valves communicates the left ventricle with

A

aortic

125
Q

right atrium is superior to the IVC

A

mm

126
Q

which portion is more anterior in the chest

A

right the ventrcile

127
Q

another name for bicuspid is

A

mitral valve

128
Q

all the following are openings in the diapghram except the

A

mesenteric

129
Q

the visceral layer of the serious peri cardium is also known as the

A

epicardium

130
Q

main layer for responsible for contractions is the

A

myocardium

131
Q

the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventrcile to which of the following is next

A

pulmonary trunk

132
Q

the surface of the heart is mainly made up by

A

right venrtricle and left ventricle

133
Q

The base of the heart is most_______________than the apex

A

posterior

134
Q

which of the following passes to the 3rd ventricle and

A

masa intermedia

135
Q

which of the followoing are arteries that branches from subclavian

A

vertebral

136
Q

which of the following is not part of the willis

A

external arteries

137
Q

Which portion of the heart makes up the right surface

A

right atrium

138
Q

which chamber of the takes up the largerst portion in the inferior surface the

A

left ventricle

139
Q

Which muscle is lateral to the rectum

A

piriformis

140
Q

piriformis

A

,,,

141
Q

Whats the size of the uterus

A

7.5 X 5 X3

142
Q

Ovaries are stationary to bowel T or F

A

False

143
Q

meet at two layers at the serous

A

Vaginalis

144
Q

The Endometrial layer is inferior and the thinkest

A

False its superior and thinnest

145
Q

Rectus abdominis lie deep in the female pelvis

A

False its superficial in the anterior abdominal wall

146
Q

Inferior portion of the pelvis is

A

True pelvis

147
Q

illiopsoas muscles are _____ to psoas major

A

Inferior

148
Q

main function of the uterus

A

house and nourish the fetus

149
Q

obturator internal muscle lie are paired

A

medial to the urinary bladder they hammock the bladder

150
Q

muscle lie anteriorly to the sacrum is the

A

piriformis

151
Q

which of the following muscles extend inferior to abductus abdominis and anterior to the symphysis pubis

A

,,,,

152
Q

Which is the muscle that gives main support and it form the diapgram

A

Levantor ani

153
Q

where does the femur joins

A

Acetabulum

154
Q

which of the following its not part of inominate bone

A

sacrum

155
Q

cerebral orbits lies anterior to the

A

anus

156
Q

imaginary line seperates the true and false pelvis

A

in the symphysis pubis at the sacral promantory

157
Q

serous layer of the uterus is

A

perimetrium

158
Q

internal portion of the ovary is the

A

medulla

159
Q

the ventral portion testes is the

A

rede testis

160
Q

efferent tubules convert

A

false

161
Q

ovaries receives ovarian and utrerus

A

,,,

162
Q

portion of the uterus responsible for contractions is the

A

myometrium

163
Q

the uterus layer that changes during mestrual cycle is the

A

endometrium

164
Q

the main support organs in the pelvis is

A

broad ligament

165
Q

attaches the ovaries posterior

A

mesoovarian

166
Q

sacral promantory is _____ to the sacrum

A

anterior

167
Q

inferior landmark of the pelvis is

A

symphysis pubis

168
Q

the dome of the uterus is the

A

fundus

169
Q

portion of the oviducts that enters is the cornua

A

interstitial

170
Q

peritoneal cavity is close in males

A

True

and open in females

171
Q

the rectum is posterior to the piriformis muscle

A

False its medial

172
Q

uterus position at a acute bend away from the bladder

A

retroflexed

173
Q

which portion of the bladder covers the peritoneum

A

superior

174
Q

fornices how many

A

4 lateral

175
Q

bhjn

A

septum raphe

176
Q

there is peritoneal tissue in the socral sac

A

true

177
Q

fibrous capsule is the of the testes

A

tunica albuginiea

178
Q

teste form the endocrine and excocrine

A

true

179
Q

teste originate by the kidneys

A

true

180
Q

flat tubular structure on the posterior surface

A

epydidimys

181
Q

double fold of peritoneum in the ovaries

A

broad ligament

182
Q

portion fallopian tube wideest

A

ampulla

183
Q

Length of the fallopian tube

A

ll

184
Q

External to pelvic diapghram and utero…

A

perineum

185
Q

which of the following is not part of the pelvic diapgram

A

external

186
Q

majory in the femal reproductive lie in the true pelvis

A

true

187
Q

posterior and anterior the vein is most posterior , artery is anterior

A

first comes the Vein then artery and ureters

then list them post to anterior

Cross Sectional Anatomy (5 decks)

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