Unit 3 Exam Flashcards
Basic self-care tasks
Activities of daily living
Tasks associated with daily life that require cognitive competence
Instrumental activities of daily living
Most common form of dementia
Alzheimer’s
Set of disorders in which serious memory loss is accompanied by declines in other mental functioning
Dementia
Increased risk for ____ in late adulthood
Cataracts
Produces loss of memory and other aspects of thought and behavior
Alzheimer’s
How does brain change in late adulthood?
Becomes smaller and lighter
How is blood flow to the brain impacted in late adulthood?
Reduced
Which gender is expected to live longer?
Women
How is Alzheimer’s diagnosed?
Through exclusion
Structural changes that occur in the brain of an Alzheimer’s patient
Neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques develop
The natural physical decline brought about by aging
Biological aging
Product of environmental influences and health habits
Secondary aging
Period of heightened biographical memory
Recall most events that occurred from ages 10-30
Involves telling stories about events from the past
Reminiscence
An examination and evaluation of one’s life
Life review
Proposes that successful aging occurs when people maintain interests, activities, and social interactions
Activity theory
Suggests that there is a gradual withdrawal from the world
Disengagement theory
Argues that elders adjust to aging by engaging in the same kinds of activities that interested them in earlier years
Continuity theory
Offer an environment in which all the residents are of retirement age or older and need various levels of care
Continuing care communities
Provide full-time nursing care for people who have chronic illnesses or are recovering from a temporary medical condition
Skilled nursing facilities
Rates of cohabitation ____ in seniors
Increase
Refers to the physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly
Elder abuse
Period of retirement where people engage in activities that were hindered by work
Honeymoon period
Conclude that retirement is not what they thought it would be
Disenchantment
Reconsider options and become engaged in more fulfilling activities
Reorientation
Feel fulfilled in this new phase of life
Retirement routine
Adolescents understand the finality of death but don’t think it can happen to them
Illusion of invulnerability
At what age do children better understand the finality of death?
Around 5 years old
Absence of heartbeat and breathing
Clinical (functional) death
Cessation of all signs of brain activity
Brain death
Highest suicide rates among elderly
White men, aged 85 and older
True or false - women report higher levels of fear surrounding death than men
TRUE
Kubler-Ross’s Stages of Grief
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Life sustaining treatment is withheld
Passive euthanasia
One acts, at a patient’s request, to end suffering before a natural end to life
Active euthanasia
Suicide where people simply let themselves die by not caring for themselves
Submissive death
An indirect form of suicide by engaging in high-risk activities
Suicidal erosions
Written statement of desired medical treatment should one become incurably ill
Advance medical directives
Designates what medical treatments people do or do not want if they cannot express their wishes
Living will
Authorizes another person to make healthcare decisions in one’s behalf
Durable power of attorney
Directs health care workers not to use resuscitation if the patient experiences cardiac or pulmonary arrest
DNR
Dying person stays at home and receives treatment
Home care
Care for the dying provided in places devoted to those who are terminally ill
Hospice care
Experience of losing a loved one by death
Bereavement
Intense physical and psychological distress
Grief
Culturally specified expression of the bereaved person’s thoughts and feelings
Mourning
Stages of the grief process
Avoidance, confrontation, accommodation
At age 35, _____ become the leading cause of death
Illness and disease
Assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral
Primary appraisal
Assessment of whether one’s resources are adequate to overcome the potential stressor
Secondary appraisal
Manage stress by directly changing the situation to make it less stressful
Problem focused coping
Involves the conscious regulation of emotion
Emotion focused coping
Involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of the situation
Defensive coping
True or false - more than half of college students are women and women have a slightly higher graduation rate
TRUE
Refers to less risk-taking and more focus on supporting family
Maturation reform
Age-related expectations for major life events
Social clock
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
Intimacy, passion, commitment
Relates to closeness, affection, and connectedness
Intimacy
Relates to sex, physical closeness, and romance
Passion
Contains the cognition that one loves another person and the determination to maintain that love
Commitment
Tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger and lower in status and vise versa
Marriage gradient
Living together without being married
Cohabitation
Average age of first marriage
27 women, 29 men
Partners relate as equals, sharing power and authority
Egalitarian marriage
Career choices are made, and discarded without regard to skills, abilities, or job opportunities
Fantasy period
Begin to think about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with them
Tentative period
Explore specific career options through actual experience on the job or through training
Realistic period
Oriented toward the theoretical and abstract
Intellectual
Results in loss of bone mass, brittle bones
Osteoporosis
A condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eye increases
Glaucoma
The ability to hear high frequency sound
Presbycusis
Phases of menopause - fluctuation of hormone levels
Premenopausal
Estrogen levels decline and extreme variations in timing of menstrual cycle occurs, some women experience hot flashes
Perimenopausal
Hormones drop to consistently low levels, menstruation has ceased for an entire year
Postmenopausal
Fluid intelligence ____ with age, but crystalized intelligence _____
declines, holds steady
Sees personality development in terms of universal stages, tied to a sequence of age-related crises
Normative-crisis
The events in an adult’s life, rather than age per se, determines the course of personality development
Life event
Refers to middle adults who feel squeezed between the needs of their children and their aging parents
Sandwich generation
Do not see grandchildren often
Remote relationship
Maintain frequent contact and warm interaction with grandchildren
Companionate relationship
Directly involved in the everyday care of grandchildren
Involved relationship
Batter becomes upset and shows dissatisfaction through verbal abuse
Tension-building stage
Physical abuse occurs
Acute battering incident stage
Batterer expresses remorse
Loving contrition stage
Must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to work roles
Redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role
Learn to cope with and move beyond physical changes
Body transcendence versus body preoccupation
Come to grips with coming death
Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
Medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties
Psychosomatic disorders
The tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, and other basic demographic characteristics
Homogamy
True or false - couples who cohabit before they are engaged to be married are more prone to divore
TRUE
True or false - arrival of a baby is associated with significant marital strain
FALSE
Drives people to obtain tangible rewards
Extrinsic motivation
Causes people to work for their own enjoyment
Intrinsic motivation
The silent killer
Hypertension
Which type of personality associated with heart disease?
Type A
Recollections of personal events or episodes
Episodic memories
Represent memory for general knowledge
Semantic memories
Young adults who return to live in the homes of their parents
Boomerang children
