UNIT 3 EXAM

Question 1

A group of individuals, living in the same area at the same time, that are able to produce fertile offspring is referred to as a ___________.

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

Which of the following most accurately illustrates the biological concept of fitness?

Answer 2

An individual that has more offspring will pass more of its genetic material to the next generation

Question 3

Male frogs that chirp 6-10 times when calling for mates are more successful at attracting females compared to male frogs that only chirp 3-5 times. This is an example of ________.

Answer 3

Sexual selection

Question 4

Frogs from this population occasionally travel to ponds in different areas and start mating with frogs in other populations. This is an example of __________.

Answer 4

Gene flow

Question 5

Frogs who chirp more are found and eaten by snakes more often than frogs who chirp less. This is an example of _________.

Answer 5

Natural selection

Question 6

Every few years, the frogs’ habitat becomes flooded with urban runoff (polluted water), randomly killing a large portion of the frog population. This is an example of ________.

Answer 6

Genetic drift

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the effects of genetic drift is CORRECT?

Question 8

Which of the following processes does NOT lead to separate populations becoming more genetically distinct from one another?

Answer 8

Gene flow

Question 9

Which statement is always TRUE about the process of speciation?

Answer 9

It is the result of reproductive isolation followed by genetic divergence

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT one of the key observations that led Darwin to his idea of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 10

Organisms use some traits more than others

Question 11

Which of the following statements are TRUE? (Natural Selection Question)

Answer 11

Only mutations found in sex cells can be passed down from parent to offspring

Question 12

What type of selection is acting on the population of ground squirrels in the scenario above?

Question 13

If a new, and much larger, hawk species were to move into the area and also start hunting these ground squirrels, what would be a good prediction for what might happen to the squirrel population over time?

Answer 13

The relative fitness of larger squirrels would decrease

Question 14

Which of the following groups of organisms is/are composed of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

Which of the following most accurately describes the collection of microbes found in microbiomes?

Answer 15

Members from all three domains of life

Question 16

Which of the following types of organisms get their energy from light, while getting their nutritional carbon from organic material?

Answer 16

Photoheterotrophs

Question 17

The earliest forms of life on Earth were most likely…

Answer 17

Single-celled

Question 18

One way in which fungi differ from plants is that fungi ________.

Answer 18

Do not use sunlight to produce food

Question 19

A human forearm and a bat’s wing are derived form the same ancestral prototype; thus, they are _____. In contrast, human legs and the legs of a spider are derived from distinct structures; thus, they are _____.

Answer 19

homologous; analogous

Question 20

The production of sterile male ligers is an example of ______.

Answer 20

Postzygotic reproductive barrier

Question 21

The behavioral differences between wild tigers and wild lions are an example of _____.

Answer 21

Pre-zygotic reproductive barrier

Question 22

According to the biological species concept…

Answer 22

Lions and tigers are separate species

Question 23

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a case of allopatric speciation?

Question 24

The longer it has been since two species share a gene pool..

Question 25

______ have seeds that protect embryos from drying out.

Answer 25

Gymnosperms (conifers)

Question 26

_______ have a waxy cuticle that reduces water loss by evaporation.

Answer 26

Bryophytes (mosses)

Question 27

______ have ovaries that protect ovules and mature into fruits.

Answer 27

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 28

______ have vascular tissue that conducts water and nutrients.

Answer 28

Ferns and ferns allies

Question 29

What generation is labeled as “a” in the diagram above?

Answer 29

Gametophyte

Question 30

Gametophytes are ______ ; sporophytes are _____.

Answer 30

haploid; diploid

Question 31

In the life cycle of a plant, which cellular process produces gametes?

Question 32

For sexual reproduction, gametes from different individuals of a species need to fuse together. Plants, for the most part, cannot move around once their roots have formed. What evolutionary novelty allowed early seed plants to sexually reproduce with individuals more than a few feet away?

Answer 32

Pollen

Question 33

Why are mosses and ferns considered incompletely adapted to the terrestrial environment, when compared with other plants?

Answer 33

Their sperm are flagellated

Question 34

When a new predatory crab moves into a rocky seashore habitat, it begins to feed on a resident population of snails. Over several generations, the average shell thickness in the snail population increases. Which statement below is the most likely explanation for the evolutionary change observed in the snail population?

Question 35

The feeding cells of modern sponges support the hypothesis that the common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been _____.

Answer 35

Colonial, flagellated protist

Question 36

Which of the following animals is NOT a member of the tetrapod clade?

Answer 36

Catfish

Question 37

Which characteristic is common to all chordates?

Answer 37

They all have a post-anal tail sometime during their life

Question 38

Amphibians, such as frogs and salamanders, are dependent on water for reproduction. This is because, unlike reptiles, amphibians lack ______.

Answer 38

Amniotic eggs

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ALL animals?

Answer 39

Composed of cells that form tissue layers

Question 40

You are working on a marine research vessel and asked to confirm that a newly discovered organism is a species of echinoderm. What characteristic(s) would you look for to confirm that it is an echinoderm and not some other form of marine life?

Answer 40

A water vascular system

Question 41

Like all arthropods, grasshoppers have a protective outer covering called a(n) ______.

Answer 41

Exoskeleton

Question 42

Which of the following organisms belong to the Phylum Chordata? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Answer 42

Mice, Birds, Jawless Fishes

Question 43

An animal that is an acoelomate ______.

Answer 43

Lacks a fluid-filled body cavity

Question 44

Which of the following animal phyla includes sea anemones (like the Hydra featured in the sneaky sea slug video)?

Answer 44

Cnidaria

Question 45

Which of the following is a term for periods of rapid speciation that coincide with adaptation to a new environment or way of life?

Answer 45

Adaptive radiation

Question 46

Which derived traits are shared by Bokoblins, Moblins, and Lynels?

Question 47

TRUE OR FALSE: Moblins are more closely related to Lynels than they are to the Hinox.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Lizalfos are equally closely related to Lynels and Bokoblins.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Dragons evolved from the Hightail Lizard.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

Do the Bokoblins, Moblins, and Lynels form an evolutionary clade?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

Explain why or why not do these creatures form an evolutionary clade.

Question 52

The Moblins and Lynels share a similar color pattern not found in their most recent common ancestor. What is the most likely explanation for this shared trait?

Answer 52

Convergent evolution?

Question 53

Define the term “evolution” as it is used in the context of biology.

Answer 53

Evolution is the change in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Question 54

What benefit will the photosynthetic protist receive from a fungal partner?

Answer 54

Water and minerals

Question 55

What benefit will the fungus receive from a photosynthetic partner?

Question 56

Put the following events in the order in which they occurred, starting with the earliest event in the history of life on earth.
First multicellular organisms
High diversifications of animals (Cambrian explosion)
First humans
Colonization of land by animals
First photosynthetic organisms
First eukaryotic organisms

Answer 56

First photosynthetic organisms
First eukaryotic organisms
First multicellular organisms
High diversification of animals (Cambrian Explosion)
Colonization of land by animals
First humans

Question 57

You discover a new species of microbe living in your freezer at home. Under the microscope, you find that it is composed of a single cell without a nucleus or mitochondria, but it does have a rigid cell wall. Further analysis shows that it has more than pone type of ribosome and multiple kinds of RNA polymerases. To which domain should the organism be assigned?

Answer 57

Bacteria

Question 58

Give the phylum and subgroup to which nudibranchs (sea slugs) belong.

Answer 58

Mollusca, Gastropods

Question 59

Which of the following statements is supported by the primate phylogenetic tree shown below?