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BIOLOGY 1101 > UNIT 1 EXAM > Flashcards

UNIT 1 EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

Science is _______.

A

The inquiry-based effort to describe and explain the natural world

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2
Q

Which statement best distinguishes scientific theories from hypotheses?

A

Hypotheses are usually narrower in scope; theories have broad explanatory power and lots of supporting evidence

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3
Q

A hypothesis is ______.

A

A testable explanation

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4
Q

Biology is a very broad field of study, and yet there is one central theme that unifies all areas of biology. Which of the following is the central unifying theme?

A

Evolution

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms?

A

Composed of more than one cell

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6
Q

The figure below shows an experimental setup to (but different from) the one used in our diffusion and osmosis lab. The dialysis membrane is impermeable to glucose. In the figure below, the solution in the beaker (outside the model cell) is _______ compared to the solution inside the model cell.

A

Hypertonic?

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7
Q

In the figure shown in question 6, what will happen to this if left in the beaker for a period of time?

A

It will lose weight from water loss?

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8
Q

What does it mean for a molecule to be polar?

A

It has a slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end

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9
Q

The properties of water that make it essential to life on Earth are the result of _______.

A

Electrical attractions between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another

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10
Q

As water freezes, it becomes ______ dense.

A

Less

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11
Q

The density of water changes when it freezes because…

A
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12
Q

An enzyme’s specific function is most directly related to its ______.

A

Shape

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13
Q

In the following reaction, what is holding the two atoms together?
K + Br –> K+Br-

A

Electrostatic forces that bind oppositely charged ions

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14
Q

In the chemical reaction below, maltose is both a ______ and a ______.

A

Reactant; disaccharide

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15
Q

The reaction in question 14 is what type of reaction?

A

Hydrolysis

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16
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of ______ monomers.

A

Nucleotide

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbohydrates?

A
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18
Q

Proteins are polymers composed of ______ monomers.

A

Amino acid

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19
Q

Which of the following generally distinguishes lipids from the other types of macromolecules?

A

Lipids do not dissolve in water

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20
Q

The figure to the right is an example of a(n) ______.

A
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21
Q

ATP molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm cells are transforming _______ energy into _______ energy.

A

potential; kinetic

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22
Q

The atoms of a single water molecule are held together by ______ bonds.

A

Covalent

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23
Q

Multiple, adjacent water molecules are held close together by ______ bonds.

A

Hydrogen

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

A

All cells acquire and use energy

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25
Q

Which of the following groups of organisms is composed of prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria

26
Q

Dairy and cattle farmers often add antibiotics to feed because doing so results in faster growth and larger, more profitable animals, but this can also cause problems for the long-term efficacy of these drugs. How can feeding antibiotics to cows promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

A
27
Q

Which of the following features is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

A

Central vacuoles

28
Q

Which of the following is a feature of eukaryotic cells but NOT prokaryotic cells?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

The _______ is the cell structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

A

Plasma membrane

30
Q

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

A

Lysosomes… digestion

31
Q

Besides the nucleus, which organelle(s) contain their own DNA and ribosomes?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

32
Q

When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because…

A
33
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A

On ribosomes in the cytoplasm

34
Q

What is the most likely pathway for a newly made protein that will eventually be secreted by a cell?

A

Rough ER –> Golgi –> Transport vesicle

35
Q

Which process, or processes, could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, when the substance is more highly concentrated in the cell than in the surrounding environment?

A
36
Q

In the figure shown below, the round molecules is an enzyme-specific substrate. How does the molecule labeled X affect enzyme function?

A
37
Q

ATP energizes other molecules in cells (e.g., transport proteins) by…

A

Transferring a phosphate group to those molecules

38
Q

Which one of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A
39
Q

Organisms with chloroplasts in their cells are ________. SELECT ALL CORRECT ANSWER CHOICES.

A

Producers, autotrophs

40
Q

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration and also reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

41
Q

For every two glucose molecules that enter glycolysis and go through the citric acid cycle, how many CO2 molecules are produced?

A
42
Q

The energy given up by electrons as they move through an electron transport chain is directly used to…

A

Pump hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane

43
Q

Which of the following stores the most chemical energy?

A
44
Q

What product(s) of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are transferred over to electron transport chains?

A
45
Q

What is the role of oxygen (O2) in cellular respiration?

A

It brings electrons to the electron transport chains and forms ATP

46
Q

Plants obtain the hydrogen atoms used to make glucose through their ______, and they obtain the carbon atoms used to make glucose through their _______.

A

Roots, stomata

47
Q

This potted house plant you bought a few months ago is now turning yellow. Which of the following is a good hypothesis for this observation?

A

The soil in your plant’s pot has run out od nutrients

48
Q

Based on what you know about photosynthesis and plant pigments, which of the following is the best prediction for the experiment described above?

A

Most bacteria will be found around algal cells exposed to blue-violet and red-orange light

49
Q

What is the independent variable in the experiment described above?

A

Wavelengths of light

50
Q

What is the best dependent variable for the experiment described above?

A
51
Q

The Calvin Cycle makes direct use of ____ to make _____.

A

CO2, ATP, and NADPH… sugar

52
Q

During which stage of photosynthesis is water splint into oxygen and hydrogen protons?

A
53
Q

Which of the following metabolic reactions can be performed by all living organisms on Earth?

A

Glycolysis?

54
Q

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is correct?

A

Electron transport chains are embedded in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

55
Q

Which of the following describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

A

DNA –> RNA –> Proteins

56
Q

In the figure shown here, which animals are most closely related?

A

Hippos and whales

57
Q

Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?

A

Thymine and adenine

58
Q

A chemical compound that releases H+ into a solution is called:

A

An acid

59
Q

Chromatin is formed from the combination of _______.

A

DNA and proteins

60
Q

The reactive properties of an atom mostly depend on the number of _______.

A

Electrons in the outer electron shell of the atom

61
Q

Autotrophs breakdown organic material and obtain energy in the form of ATP by _______.

A

Photosynthesis?

BIOLOGY 1101 (3 decks)

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