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BIOLOGY 1101 > UNIT 2 EXAM > Flashcards

UNIT 2 EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following does NOT occur during Interphase of the cell cycle?

A

Cell division

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2
Q

What is the diploid number (2n) of the model cell shown here?

A

12?

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3
Q

A diagram of the life cycle of a sexually reproducing diploid organism would show that _______.

A
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4
Q

Crossing-over during cell division results in _______.

A

New combinations of alleles on a chromosome

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5
Q

Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up together and then separate.

A

Meiosis only

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6
Q

Crossing over occurs.

A

Meiosis only

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7
Q

Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

A

Both mitosis and meiosis

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8
Q

Produces genetically identical daughter cells.

A

Mitosis only

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9
Q

Preceded by just one round of chromosome duplication.

A

Both mitosis and meiosis

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10
Q

Starts with a single parent cell.

A

Both mitosis and meiosis

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11
Q

Important for replacing lost or damaged cells.

A

Mitosis only

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12
Q

Where would you expect to observe a cleavage furrow?

A

In an animal cell at the beginning of cytokinesis

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13
Q

Alleles are _________.

A

Alternative forms of the same gene

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14
Q

Homologous chromosomes _______.

A

Carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

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15
Q

A true-breeding plant that produces purple flowers is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces white flowers. The F1 plants all have purple flowers. What is the expected ratio of purple to white flowers among the offspring from an F1 x F1 cross?

A

3:1

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16
Q

What name refers to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?

A

Phenotype

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17
Q

The terms homozygous and heterozygous refer to __________.

A

Genotypes

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18
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of dominant alleles?

A

They cover up the effects of recessive alleles?

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19
Q

To determine the genotype of an individual who expresses a dominant trait, you would cross that individual with an individual who ___________.

A

Expresses the recessive trait

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20
Q

What does it mean for genes to be linked?

A

They are found close together on the same chromosome

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21
Q

Individual #3 has the genotype _________.

A

qq

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22
Q

Individual #6 has the genotype _________.

A

QQ or Qq

23
Q

Individual #14 has the genotype _________.

A

Qq

24
Q

The figure below shows the trait distribution for a population of trees. This figure indicates that the biomass of a tree is most likely the result of _________.

A
25
Q

What is the key to recognizing co-dominant inheritance?

A

The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes

26
Q

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AAGGTA, what is the sequence of the other strand?

A

TTCCAT

27
Q

The backbone of a strand of DNA consists of _______ held together by ______.

A

A repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern; covalent bonds

28
Q

Which one of the following statements is true about a double-stranded DNA molecule?

A

The two strands are complementary

29
Q

Which characteristic of DNA creates a leading strand and a lagging strand during replication?

A

DNA strands are anti-parallel

30
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for building the daughter strand of DNA using a parental strand of DNA as a template?

A

DNA polymerase

31
Q

After DNA replication, ___________.

A

Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand

32
Q

The enzyme helicase cuts through __________.

A

The hydrogen bonds between complimentary DNA strands

33
Q

Each eukaryotic gene (or set of genes in the case of prokaryotes) has a sequence of DNA in front of it that directs an enzyme where to begin transcription. This sequence of DNA is called the ___________.

A

Promoter

34
Q

During which step of gene expression are peptide bonds formed between amino acids?

A

Translation

35
Q

A mutation in the intron region of a single-stranded RNA molecule would be expected to _________.

A
36
Q

How is that the cells in different body tissues of a multicellular organism are able to perform vastly different functions?

A

The cells contain different sets of genes

37
Q

Which of these is a type of gene regulation that happens in eukaryotes after an mRNA molecule has already been made?

A
38
Q

Which of the following is an accurate statement about how DNA packaging in the nucleus of a cell can control gene expression?

A
39
Q

A researcher is attempting to use miRNA (micro RNA) to investigate the function of citrate synthase, an enzyme that is involved in the Krebs cycle. If the researcher injected miRNAs complementary to citrate synthase mRNA strands into cells, what is the most like outcome that they would observe?

A

Less citrate synthase protein would be produced

40
Q

A signal transduction pathway begins when _________.

A

A signal molecule binds to a transcription factor

41
Q

Homeotic genes are best described as ________.

A

Genes that regulate the expression of other genes to develop an organism’s body plan

42
Q

What kind of gene mutations in somatic cells can frequently lead to the first stages of cancer?

A

Mutations in genes that regulate cell division

43
Q

When referring to regulation of the cell cycle, proto-oncogenes are most like ________ of a car, while tumor suppressor genes are most like the ________ of a car.

A

Gas pedal… brakes

44
Q

Figure 1 (above) shows an electrophoresis gel in which DNA samples of three crime suspects were run alongside DNA collected from a crime scene. The positive and negative ends of the gel are indicated. Where in the gel are the smallest DNA fragments?

A

At the positive end

45
Q

The DNA profiles (or fingerprints) in Figure 1 (above) show _______.

A

Crime scene DNA matches the DNA of suspect #2

46
Q

The blood typing test results shown in the image below indicate which phenotype?

A
47
Q

Which of the following statements about human blood types is correct?

A

The alleles for A & B antigens are co-dominant

48
Q

The ability to taste the chemical PTC is dominant (T) to the inability to taste PTC (t). What is your genotype if you can taste the chemical but one of your parents cannot taste it?

A

TT or Tt

49
Q

Label each of the three structures in the diagram and write the name of the corresponding process above each arrow.

A

Transcription (DNA) —> Translation (RNA) —-> Protein

50
Q

Red-green color blindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. The gene is on the X chromosome. A red-green color-blind man father two daughters (with same mother), one with normal color vision and one who is red-green color-blind.

Which of the following statements is true?

A

The mother is a heterozygous carrier

51
Q

For an individual with the genotype GgHH, list all the possible gametes produced. Use a comma to separate the different gametes.

A

GH, gH, gH, GH

52
Q

Determine what chain of amino acids the following DNA sequence codes for.

T A C A G A G C C C T G A T T

A

mRNA: A U G U C U C G G G A C U A A

amino acids: MET, SER, ARG, ASP, STOP CODON

53
Q

A certain tRNA molecule has an anticodon with the base sequence of CGA. What amino acid does this tRNA carry?

A
54
Q

There are several genes that control fur color in cats. The tortoiseshell fur color found in some cats is associated with a gene located on the X chromosome. This gene has two alleles: B for black fur and O for orange fur. An individual that is heterozygous will have a patchy distribution of black and orange fur.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the genetics underlying observed patterns of inheritance for the sex-linked tortoiseshell color trait found in some cats?

A

BIOLOGY 1101 (3 decks)

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