Unit 3: Equality of Gender, Class, Race & Religion: Cases & Examples Flashcards
Which term refers to the concept where women and men enjoy the same status and have equal opportunity to realize their full human rights, contribute to national development, and benefit from the results?
A) Gender equality
B) Gender disparity
C) Gender identity
D) Gender bias
A) Gender equality
“women and men enjoy the same status and have equal opportunity to realize their full human rights and potential to contribute to national, political, economic, social and cultural development, and to benefit from the results.”
What statement above is referring to what term?
Gender equality
What term describes a system of power and control that positions cis-straight white males as superior and normative in their expression of gender and sexuality, leading to the socio-cultural, legal, and institutional marginalization of multiple gender and sexual identities that do not conform with heteronormativity?
A) Feminism
B) Cis-Heteropatriarchy
C) Gender Equity
D) Queer Theory
B) Cis-Heteropatriarchy
What term serves as a key indicator of gender inequality and often highlights economic barriers that disproportionately affect women and other marginalized gender groups in the workforce?
The Gender Age Gap
The term that refers to the difference in average earnings between men and women, typically expressed as the percentage of women’s earnings compared to men’s, is:
A) Pay Scale Disparity
B) Occupational Segregation
C) Gender Wage Gap
D) Economic Gender Parity
C) Gender Wage Gap
What term refers to the difference in average earnings between men and women, typically expressed as the percentage of women’s earnings compared to men’s?
Gender Wage Gap
Define “Gender Wage Gap?” Written Format!
Gender Wage Gap: Refers to the difference in average earnings between men and women, typically expressed as the percentage of women’s earnings compared to men’s.
What gap can be influenced by a range of factors, including discrimination, occupational segregation, differences in work experience, and disparities in access to higher-paying roles?
Gender Wage Gap
A company has a leadership team composed entirely of men, despite the fact that there are numerous qualified women and gender-diverse employees with the same or higher qualifications in the organization. When questioned about the lack of diversity, the leadership argues that men are naturally better suited for high-pressure roles.
What system of power is at play in this scenario, where men are prioritized for leadership positions and traditional gender roles are reinforced?
A) Meritocracy
B) Cis-Heteropatriarchy
C) Gender Wage Gap
D) Matriarchy
B) Cis-Heteropatriarchy
In a university setting, LGBTQ+ students report experiencing higher rates of discrimination and fewer support resources compared to their cisgender, heterosexual peers. The campus policies largely focus on the experiences of cisgender men and women, with little acknowledgment of non-binary or transgender identities.
Which concept best describes the social system that privileges cisgender and heterosexual identities while marginalizing LGBTQ+ individuals in this scenario?
A) Gender Equality
B) Cis-Heteropatriarchy
C) Intersectionality
D) Economic Gender Parity
B) Cis-Heteropatriarchy
A research study finds that women earn less than men across all levels of employment, despite holding similar educational degrees and years of experience. The study shows that women make, on average, 84 cents for every dollar earned by men in the same job categories.
What term accurately describes the earnings difference highlighted in this study?
A) Gender Equity
B) Pay Equity
C) Gender Wage Gap
D) Economic Equality
C) Gender Wage Gap
What theoretical perspective of social inequality coined by “Kimberle Crenshaw” refers to describing the occupational implications of being both Black and a woman. It combines intersections of race and gender and helps us avoid making oversimplified generalizations?
Intersectionality
Which theoretical perspective of social inequality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, refers to describing the occupational implications of being both Black and a woman, combining intersections of race and gender to avoid making oversimplified generalizations?
A) Conflict Theory
B) Functionalism
C) Symbolic Interactionism
D) Intersectionality
D) Intersectionality
What term describes the study of how the effects of gender inequality impact women’s lives differently than men’s, while also asserting that biological differences do not justify separate social roles or archetypes?
Feminism
Define, Feminism, Written Format!
Describes the study of how the effects of gender inequality impact women’s lives differently than men’s, while also asserting that biological differences do not justify separate social roles or archetypes.
_____________ describes the study of how the effects of gender inequality impact women’s lives differently than men’s, while also asserting that biological differences do not justify separate social roles or archetypes? (FIll IN BLANK)
Feminism
What term describes the study of how the effects of gender inequality impact women’s lives differently than men’s, while also asserting that biological differences do not justify separate social roles or archetypes?
A) Gender Studies
B) Feminism
C) Sociobiology
D) Queer Theory
B) Feminism
What gap is illustrated by the industrial distribution of female and male employees, specifically highlighting the over-representation of men in labor-intensive jobs such as construction and mining, along with the higher rate of women in part-time work leading to lower wages?
A) Gender wage Gap
B) Employment Gap
C) Skill Gap
D) Occupational Gap
A) Gender wage Gap
What gap is highlighted by the following statements: Women earn 84 cents for every dollar earned by men; Indigenous women earn less than Indigenous men; only 16% of gender-diverse women with disabilities are paid fairly; and at the current rate, it will take 169 years to close the wage gap?
A) Gender Wage Gap
B) Income Gap
C) Employment Gap
D) Economic Disparity Gap
A) Gender Wage Gap
What concept explains the gap in wages due to the over-representation of men in labor-intensive jobs such as construction and mining, along with the higher rate of women working part-time, which contributes to lower wages?
A) Gender Wage Gap
B) Industrial Distribution of Female and Male Employees
C) Employment Gap
D) Occupational Segregation
B) Industrial Distribution of Female and Male Employees
What term refers to violence directed at an individual based on their biological sex or gender identity, including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, psychological abuse, threats, and sexual assault?
A) Domestic Violence
B) Gender-Based Violence
C) Intimate Partner Violence
D) Workplace Harassment
B) Gender-Based Violence
What term refers to violence directed at an individual based on their biological sex or gender identity, and includes forms of abuse such as physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, psychological abuse, threats, and sexual assault?
Gender-Based Violence
Define Gender-based Violence, Written Fomat
Refers to violence directed at an individual based on their biological sex or gender identity, and includes forms of abuse such as physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, psychological abuse, threats, and sexual assault?
What term describes a form of abuse that women, girls, Two-Spirit, transgender, and non-binary individuals are at the highest risk of experiencing?
This violence includes physical and emotional abuse, such as name-calling, hitting, pushing, blocking, stalking, criminal harassment, rape, sexual assault, control, and manipulation. Many of these abusive actions are illegal.
Gender-Based Violence
Anybody can be abused, no matter their background, identity, or circumstance. But women, girls, and gender-diverse people are at high risk of _______________.(Fill in the Blank)
Gender-Based Violence
What term refers to a crisis that emerged during COVID-19, which received limited attention due to the pandemic? This crisis was characterized by a rise in violence, low visibility, and insufficient efforts to address it effectively.
Shadow Pandemic
What term refers to a crisis that emerged during COVID-19, which received limited attention due to the pandemic, marked by increased violence, low visibility, and insufficient efforts to address it?
A) Mental Health Crisis
B) Housing Crisis
C) Shadow Pandemic
D) Healthcare Crisis
C) Shadow Pandemic
What term is associated with the lack of support to help abuse survivors feel safe, alongside minimal awareness of the risks they faced during COVID-19?
A) Domestic Violence
B) Shadow Pandemic
C) Crisis Intervention
D) Public Health Emergency
B) Shadow Pandemic
What term relates to the statistics indicating that in 67 reported decisions, there was “very little awareness overall of the heightened risks for survivors during COVID-19”? This reflects a pre-pandemic tendency among decision-makers to focus on incident-based physical violence rather than recognizing patterns of coercive control.
A) Gender-Based Violence
B) Shadow Pandemic
C) Intimate Partner Violence
D) Domestic Abuse
B) Shadow Pandemic
What is the name of the video we watched in class that reveals domestic violence as a public health crisis in Canada, illustrating how survivors often find that the legal system lacks the protections they believed would keep them safe?
Survivors Speak
What term refers to structured differences in rights, opportunities, rewards, and privileges among various groups in society? Becoming evident in daily interactions and societal norms.
Social Inequality
What term refers to structured differences in rights, opportunities, rewards, and privileges among various groups in society? Becoming evident in daily interactions and societal norms.
A) Social Equality
B) Discrimination
C) Social Inequality
D) Institutionalized Racism
C) Social Inequality
What term refers to an initiative or support system that ensures the ability to access safe shelter, emergency and long-term support, which are fundamental to the human rights of women and children? This also includes access to legal advice, representation, and technology.
Access is Key
What focuses on the ability to secure safe shelter—both emergency and long-term—is a fundamental human right for women and children, ensuring they can live free from violence?
Access is Key
Define “Access is Key”, Written Format
Refers to the ability to access safe shelter, emergency and long-term support, which are fundamental to the human rights of women and children, This also includes access to legal advice, representation, and technology.
Which term refers to a concept that is considered a social construct rather than an innate or biological trait in people?
Race
Which term refers to a concept that is considered a social construct rather than an innate or biological trait in people?
A) Genetics
B) Race
C) Anatomy
D) Physiology
B) Race
Define Race, Written Format!
Refers to a concept that is considered a social construct rather than an innate or biological trait in people
What is the process where certain groups or individuals, because of specific attributes they possess, have more power to shape and control rights and opportunities to benefit themselves?
Those who lack these attributes or are denied them have less access to these rights and opportunities.
Structured Inequality
Define Structured Inequality, Written Format
Structured Inequality is a process where certain groups or individuals, because of specific attributes they possess, have more power to shape and control rights and opportunities to benefit themselves. Those who lack these attributes or are denied them have less access to these rights and opportunities.
Which of the following describes how poverty becomes criminalized?
A) Providing affordable housing and social programs
B) Implementing laws against loitering, sleeping outdoors, panhandling, or busking
C) Increasing job opportunities and fair wages
D) Offering free mental health and addiction services
B) Implementing laws against loitering, sleeping outdoors, panhandling, or busking
Which of the following statements highlights a situation where criminalization may occur in response to a mental health crisis?
A) Poverty’s emotional toll increases the risk of mental health challenges and psychological distress.
B) Criminalization of behaviors associated with mental health crises is uncommon.
C) Mental health services are widely accessible, preventing crisis situations.
D) Mental health crises are always addressed through healthcare support systems.
A) Poverty’s emotional toll increases the risk of mental health challenges and psychological distress.
“A process in which groups or individuals with particular attributes are more able than those who lack or are denied these attributes to control or shape rights and opportunities for their own ends.”
The statement above is associated with which term?
Structured inequality
Voting districts are redrawn in ways that favor specific demographic groups, giving them greater political influence over others. What is this scenario referring to?
A) Voting Rights
B) Political Inequality
C) Structured Inequality
D) Electoral Reform
C) Structured Inequality
Access to healthcare is prioritized for people with private insurance, while those on government assistance face long wait times and limited options. What is this scenario referring to?
A) Healthcare Privilege
B) Insurance Discrimination
C) Structured Inequality
D) Medical Accessibility Issues
C) Structured Inequality
In a hiring process, preference is given to candidates from prestigious universities, creating fewer opportunities for individuals from less well-known institutions. What is this scenario referring to?
A) Institutional Favoritism
B) Structured Inequality
C) Professional Networking
D) Educational Elitism
B) Structured Inequality
What does MDI stand for, and what does it measure?
A) Maximum Density Index; measures urban population density
B) Material Deprivation Index; measures poverty beyond income by assessing access to basic needs
C) Market Demand Indicator; measures demand in various economic sectors
D) Mental Development Index; measures cognitive progress in early childhood
B) Material Deprivation Index; measures poverty beyond income by assessing access to basic needs
What does MDI stand for, and what does it measure?
Material Deprivation Index;
measures poverty beyond income level by assessing access to basic needs
Differences that become socially structured, in the sense that they become a regular and recurring part of how people interact with one another on a daily basis (p. xi)
The statement above is associated with which term?
Social Inequality
What term represents both sets of people and structural categories, forming the containers that encapsulate these groups?
A) Strata
B) Class
C) Culture
D) Ethnicity
B) Class
Which term describes entities that are primarily economically based but also impact the political and ideological spheres of society?
A) Identity
B) Class
C) Nationality
D) Stratification
B) Class
Which concept is not merely equivalent to ranked statistical aggregates but includes a structural and economic base within society?
A) Class
B) Ethnicity
C) Demographic
D) Nationality
A) Class
Which term describes the authority over human actions and behavior, extending beyond the state, like students following university regulations?
A) Economic Control
B) Political Control
C) Social Control
D) Personal Control
B) Political Control
Which term describes the authority over human actions and behavior, extending beyond the state, like students following university regulations?
Political Control
Define Political Control, Written Format
Describes the authority over human actions and behavior, extending beyond the state, like students following university regulations?
What term is associated with this example of students following academic regulations of their university?
Political Control
What term refers to the command over ideas, beliefs, knowledge, and information, often seen in societal frameworks such as racial ideologies or documents like the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A) Ideological Control
B) Economic Control
C) Political Control
D) Social Command
A) Ideological Control
What term refers to the command over ideas, beliefs, knowledge, and information?
Ideological Control
Define Ideological Control, Written Format
Refers to control over ideas, knowledge, information, and beliefs i.e. racial ideologies; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
What are considered examples of Ideological control?
Racial ideologies or the Charter of rights and Freedoms
What term refers to controling social situations?
Power
Which term best describes the differential ability to command resources and shape social situations through influence over available means?
A) Political Control
B) Authority
C) Ideological Influence
D) Power
D) Power
Define Power, Written Format
Refers to the control or command over resources, therefore controlling social institutions
What term refers to the process of labeling or associating a specific minority, or group of color with particular stereotypes, behaviors, or characteristics?
Racialization
Which term refers to the obstacles faced by Asians advancing to leadership or high-level positions in the workplace, often due to cultural stereotypes, systemic discrimination, and biases that undervalue their potential, despite their qualifications?
A) Glass Ceiling
B) Bamboo Ceiling
C) Racial Disparity
D) Equality Barrier
B) Bamboo Ceiling
Which term refers to the process of labeling or associating a specific minority or group of color with particular stereotypes, behaviors, or characteristics?
A) Discrimination
B) Ethnicization
C) Racialization
D) Assimilation
C) Racialization
Define, Racialization, Written Format
Refers to the process of labeling or associating a specific minority or group of color with particular stereotypes, behaviors, or characteristics.
What term is referred to as a social construct rather than a biological innate trait?
A) Skin
B) Sex
C) Gender
D) Race
D) Race
What term is referred to as a social construct rather than a biological innate trait?
Race
Define Race?, Written Format
Referred to as a social construct rather than a biological innate trait.
What term is referred to as policies or generalized norms that aim to treat everyone equally without considering factors such as race or gender?
Universalist Norms
Define Universalist Norms, Written Format
Referred to as policies or generalized norms that aim to treat everyone equally without considering factors such as race or gender.
The term “universal norms” is often used to describe policies or generalized standards that aim to treat everyone equally, without considering individual factors such as race, gender, or other identity markers.
What term is used to describe policies or generalized norms that aim to treat everyone equally, without considering factors such as race or gender?
A) Intersectionality
B) Affirmative Action
C) Universalist Norms
D) Social Construct
C) Universalist Norms
What term refers to an ideology that promotes the belief that white people are inherently dominant and superior to other races?
White Supremacy
Define White Supremacy? Written Format
Refers to an ideology that promotes the belief that white people are inherently dominant and superior to other races.
What term refers to an ideology that promotes the belief that white people are inherently dominant and superior to other races?
A) Ethnocentrism
B) White supremacy
C) Racial equality
D) Multiculturalism
B) White supremacy
What term describes the belief that one racialized group is superior to another, specifically based on race?
A) Prejudice
B) Racism
C) Discrimination
D) Stereotyping
B) Racism
What term describes the belief that one racialized group is superior to another, specifically based on race?
Racism
Define Racism, Written Format!
The belief that one racialized group is superior to another racialized group, specifically because of their race.
What are the 4 Dimensions of Racism?
- Individual
- Social/Cultural
- Institutional
- Systemic
What form of racism refers to policies, practices, and norms within institutions that create and maintain disadvantages for certain racial groups while benefiting others?
A) Systemic Racism
B) Individual Racism
C) Socialized Racism
D) Institutional Racism
D) Institutional Racism
What form of racism refers to policies, practices, and norms within institutions that create and maintain disadvantages for certain racial groups while benefiting others?
Institutional Racism
Define, Institutional Racism, Written Format
Refers to policies, practices, and norms within institutions that create and maintain disadvantages for certain racial groups while benefiting others.
Which statement best describes systemic racism?
A) It is always intentional and easily identifiable.
B) It is a subtle and pervasive form of racism embedded in societal and institutional policies, often unintentional.
C) It only occurs in individual interactions between people.
D) It is exclusively related to personal beliefs and attitudes.
B) It is a subtle and pervasive form of racism embedded in societal and institutional policies, often unintentional.
What form of racism is often the most difficult to identify, as it is pervasive, subtle, and can be unintentional, being embedded in societal and institutional policies?
A) Individual racism
B) Institutional racism
C) Systemic racism
D) Cultural racism
C) Systemic racism
Define, Systemic Racism, Written Format
This is a subtle and widespread form of racism that is often hard to recognize. It exists within societal and institutional policies, regulations, and ideologies, leading to unintentional discrimination and ongoing disadvantages for certain racial groups.
What form of racism is known for being direct, interpersonal, and includes actions like bigotry, insults, and discriminatory expressions toward an individual?
A) Systemic racism
B) Institutional racism
C) Individual racism
D) Structural racism
C) Individual racism
What form of racism is known for being direct, interpersonal, and includes actions like bigotry, insults, and discriminatory expressions toward an individual?
Individual racism
Define Individual Racism, Written Format!
Known as a form of racism is known for being direct, interpersonal, and includes actions like bigotry, insults, and discriminatory expressions toward an individual.
