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AP Biology - Unger 2022/23 > Unit 3: Endomembrane System (inc. nucleus & ribosomes) > Flashcards

Unit 3: Endomembrane System (inc. nucleus & ribosomes) Flashcards

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1
Q

Material in the nucleus

A

A cell’s genes

AKA chromosomes, AKA DNA

*most of them, at least

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2
Q

Surrounds nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

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3
Q

Describe the

Nuclear envelope

A

Two layers of membrane that enclose the nucleus, which connect at the pores

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4
Q
A

Nuclear envelope

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5
Q
A

Chromatin

Also correct: nucleoplasm*

*you don’t need to memorize this

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6
Q
A

Nucleolus

(nu-clee-oh-lus)

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7
Q
A

Nuclear pore

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8
Q

Define

Chromosomes

A

Condensed DNA and proteins

Only found in cells that are dividing

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9
Q

Define

Chromatin

A

Loose / unwound DNA and proteins

Found in cells that are not dividing

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10
Q

Helps coil DNA

A

Histone proteins

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11
Q

Function of the

Nuclear pore complex

A

Regulating what enters and leaves the nucleus; especially the RNA

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12
Q

Function of the

Nucleolus

A

Make ribosomal RNA

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13
Q

Types of molecules that ribosomes are made of

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

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14
Q

Two parts of a ribosome

A

Large and small subunit; each made of rRNA and proteins

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15
Q

Function of the

Ribosomes

A

Assemble amino acids into polypeptides using instructions from DNA

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16
Q

Importance of histone proteins

A

Coils eukaryotic DNA so it can all fit within nucleus

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17
Q

Free ribosomes make…

A

proteins that stay in the cytosol

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18
Q

Bound ribosomes make…

A

proteins that go into a vesicle or membrane

19
Q

Location of ribosomes

(two “types”)

A

Free: in cytosol
Bound: on ER

No ribosome is always free or bound; it’s based on current location

20
Q

Parts of the endomembrane system

A
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Transport vesicles
  • Other vesicles (lysosomes, etc)
  • Vacuoles
21
Q

How do materials move between parts of the endomembrane system?

A

Transport vesicles

22
Q

Define

Cisternae

A

Stacks of membranes that make up the ER and Golgi

23
Q

Define

Lumen

A

Spaces inside the ER, Golgi, or other membrane-bound structures

24
Q

List the

Functions of the Smooth ER

A
  1. Make lipids
  2. Detoxification
  3. Calcium ion storage
  4. Other metabolic stuff
25
Q

List the

Functions of the Rough ER

A
  1. Modify proteins made by bound ribosomes
  2. Make membranes
26
Q

The Golgi is like the _ of the cell

Always think of

A

Warehouse & Shipping Center

27
Q

Functions of the

Golgi apparatus

A
  • Receives / modifies chemicals made by ER
  • Sorts / packages chemicals into vesicles
28
Q

Describe

Movement through Golgi

A
  • Materials enter via transport vesicle on cis face
  • Move through cisternae
  • Exit via transport vesicle on trans face
29
Q

Describe

Lysosome

A

Vesicle full of digestive enzymes

30
Q

Functions of

Lysosomes

A
  • Break down & recycle damaged cell organelles or macromolecules
  • Digest material in food vacuole
  • Digest foreign materials (ex: bacteria)
31
Q

List

3 types of vacuoles

A
  • Food
  • Contractile
  • Large central
32
Q

Describe & provide function

Contractile vacuole

A

Membranous sac of water, which can be expelled from a cell rapidly to cause the cell to move

33
Q

Describe

Large Central Vacuole

A

Membranous sac of water and other nutrients that take up the majority of many plant cells

34
Q

Functions of

Large Central Vacuole

A
  • Water and nutrient storage
  • Provides turgor pressure to plant cells (outward pressure against cell walls)
35
Q
A

Endoplasmic reticulum

*Rough ER

36
Q
A

Golgi apparatus

37
Q
A

Smooth ER

38
Q
A

Vesicle
(may be lysosome, peroxisome, transport, etc)

39
Q

Be specific

A

Cis face of Golgi

40
Q

Be specific

A

Lumen of Golgi

41
Q

Be specific

A

Trans face of Golgi

42
Q

Be specific

A

Cisterna of Golgi

Cisternae, pl

43
Q
A

Bound ribosome

AP Biology - Unger 2022/23 (23 decks)

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