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NMNC 1135 > Unit 3 Diagnostic Testing Definitions > Flashcards

Unit 3 Diagnostic Testing Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

A

Coagulation blood test used to detect bleeding disorders caused by abnormalities of the intrinsic clotting system and to monitor the effectiveness of heparin.

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2
Q

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

A

An enzyme found primarily in the liver and also found in the kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscles.

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3
Q

Albumin

A

The major plasma protein, primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance by providing colloidal osmotic pressure in the blood.

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4
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

A

An enzyme found primarily in the liver levels, which is a useful indicator of liver and bone disease.

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5
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A

A diagnostic test that examines arterial blood to assess a patient’s oxygenation stats and acid-base balance.

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6
Q

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

A

An enzyme found primarily in the heart, liver, and muscle that is released after cell death or injury.

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7
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel

A

A commonly ordered diagnostic test that measures electrolytes, carbon dioxide ,glucose, and renal function.

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8
Q

Basophils

A

A type of white blood cell that is involved in the inflammatory response to injury.

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9
Q

Bilirubin

A

A component of bile that is synthesized in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

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10
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of a sample of cells to detect cancer.

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11
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

A kidney function test that measures urea in the blood.

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12
Q

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

A

A hormone produced by myocardial cells and released from the ventricle during times of increased pressure or overload such as in heart failure.

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13
Q

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A

A protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, tissue damage, and infection.

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14
Q

Cholesterol

A

A waxy, fatlike substance found in all cells of the body.

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15
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

A radiologic procedure in which the use of a special scanner allows cross-sectional images of an organ to be visualized.

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16
Q

Creatine Kinase (CK)

A

An enzyme found primarily in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, brain tissue.

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17
Q

Creatinine

A

A waste product of skeletal muscle metabolism that is excreted via the kidneys.

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18
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A recording of electrical current generated by the heart during depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac muscle.

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19
Q

Endoscopy

A

An examination of the interior of an organ or cavity by means of a fiberoptic scope.

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20
Q

Eosinophils

A

A type of white blood cell that destroys parasites and is involved in allergic reactions.

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21
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

22
Q

Fiberoptics

A

A system in which flexible glass or plastic fibers are used to transmit light around curves and corners, which allows direct visualization of hte area of interest

23
Q

Fibrinogen

A

An essential component of blood clottin that converts into fibrin threads in the presence of ionized calcium.

24
Q

Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP)

A

An enzyme found primarily in the liver and biliary tract that assists in transporting amino acids across cell membranes.

25
Q

Globulins

A

Plasma proteins classified as alpha, beta, and gamma globulins; some function as antibodies, whereas others are responsible for enzymatic functions and the transport of lipids, iron, and copper in the blood.

26
Q

Hemoccult

A

A test for hidden blood in the stool.

27
Q

Hemoglobin (HBG)

A

A protein responsible for oxygen transport to and carbon dioxide transport from the erythrocytes.

28
Q

Hemolysis

A

Red blood cell destruction.

29
Q

High-Density Lioprotein (HDL)

A

A lipoprotein that transports excess cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver, where it is broken down and excreted in bile.

30
Q

Homocysteine

A

An amino acid formed in the conversion of methionine to cysteine.

31
Q

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

A

A coagulation blood test that is a standardized ratio to monitor the effect of anticoagulant therapy.

32
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

33
Q

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

A

A lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the liver to various parts of the body.

34
Q

Lymphocytes

A

A type of white blood cell that recognizes foreign antigens, produces antibodies, and creates memory cells.

35
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

A superconducting magnet and radiofrequency waves cause hydrogen nuclei to emit signals that are translated by a computer into a well-defined image of the structure.

36
Q

Mammograms

A

Soft tissue x-rays that allow visualization of the underlying breast tissue.

37
Q

Monocytes

A

A type of white blood cell involved in phagocytosis; they become macrophages.

38
Q

Myoglobin

A

An oxygen-transporting and storage protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

39
Q

Neutrophils

A

A type of white blood cell that acts as first defenders against bacterial and fungal infections, foreign antigens, and cell debris.

40
Q

Paracentesis

A

A needle aspiration that involves removing fluid from the peritoneal cavity.

41
Q

Prealbumin

A

A plasma protein synthesized by the liver and considered a precise measure of nutritional status.

42
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

A coagulation blood test that detects bleeding disorders caused by abnormalities of the extrinsic clotting system, and used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy.

43
Q

Radiography

A

The use of x-rays to visualize bones, organs, and soft tissues for abnormalities.

44
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fecal Fat.

45
Q

Thoracentesis

A

A needle aspiration that removes fluid from the pleural space.

46
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

47
Q

Triglycerides

A

The most abundant lipids in food.

48
Q

Troponin I

A

Proteins found exclusively in cardiac muscle and released during myocardial damage.

49
Q

Troponin T

A

Proteins found exclusively in cardiac muscle and released during myocardial damage.

50
Q

Ultrasound

A

A procedure that provides visualization of soft tissue organs by recording and measuring the reflection of ultrasonic waves.

51
Q

Urobilinogen

A

Substance produced by the breakdown of bilirubin in the intestines.

52
Q

Venipuncture

A

Insertion of a needle directly into a vein.

NMNC 1135 (5 decks)

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