Unit 3 Day 8 (Thur 4/30) Flashcards
1
Q
Interstitial Lung Diseases
A
- UIP- usual interstitial pneumonia
- NSIP- non specific interstitial pneumonia
- HP- hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2
Q
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
A
- patchy heterogeneous fibrosis by collagen fibroblastic foci
- honeycomb cystic changes worse in lower lobes
- affects alveolar septa (interstitium)
3
Q
Non Specific Interstitial Lung Disease
A
- uniform inflammation in septa (cellular), uniform fibrosis of septa (fibrotic), or both
- few if any fibroblastic foci
- little if any honeycomb change
- affects alveolar septa
4
Q
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
A
- airway centered chronic inflammation
- non-necrotizing granulomas
- focal organizing pneumonia
- variable fibrosis
- response to foreign antigens (birds, mold, hot tub mycobacteria)
5
Q
Thromboembolic Disease
A
- organizing fibrin clots in pulmonary arteries
- may be in situ (thrombus) or travel to the lung from elsewhere (embolism)
- affects vessels
6
Q
Talc Embolism
A
- polarized crystals around vessels
- may include foreign body multinucleated giant cells
- usually from IV drug use
- talc particles very visible under polarized light
- affects vessels
7
Q
Pulmonary Hypertension
A
- muscular hypertrohpy of pulmonary arteries
- muscularization of arterioles
- some forms may have plexiform lesions (artery lumen replaced by endothelial proliferation with numerous tangled slit-like lumens)
- affects vessels
8
Q
Vasculitis
A
- inflammation in the vessel wall
- often with alveolar hemorrhage
- may be autoimmune of infection
- affects vessels
9
Q
Sarcoid/Chronic Beryllium Disease
A
- both have same appearance
- well formed non-necrotizing granulomas
- concentric collagen deposition
- lymphatic distribution
- affects nodules
10
Q
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
A
- langerhans histiocytes (CD1a/S100 positive)
- variable inflammation including eosinophils
- fibrotic phase: stellate scar around airway
- usually smoking related if lung limited
- affects nodules
11
Q
Carcinoid
A
- nests and ribbons of neuroendocrine cells with powdery salt and pepper chromatin
- stain positive for neuroendocrine markers
- usually indolent but may act in a malignant fashion particularly if there is nuclear atypia, high mitotic rate, or necrosis
- affects nodules
12
Q
Small Cell Carcinoma
A
- Small, blue, easily crushed cells with scant cytoplasm
- stain positive for neuroendocrine markers
- high mitotic rate and abundant necrosis
- affects nodules
13
Q
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A
- large polygonal cells with hyperchromatic (dark) nuclei and abundant cytoplasm
- rarely have prominent nucleoli
- may be keratinizing and form keratin pearls
- affects nodules
14
Q
Adenocarcinoma
A
- cells with large nuclei, large nucleoli, and variable amounts of cytoplasm
- form gland-like structure
- if cells only line septa and do not invade, considered in situ
- affects nodules
15
Q
Large Cell Carcinoma
A
-large, sometimes bizarre appearing malignant cells that lack the typical features of either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas
