Unit 1 Day 9 (4/2/15)

Question 1

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 1

-20 mmHg lower BP upon standing up

Question 2

coarctation of aorta

Answer 2

-BP higher in arms than legs raises suspicion for coarctation

Question 3

Order of valves when auscultating upper right to lower left.

Answer 3

• All Physicians Take Money

- aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, mitral

Question 4

Cardiac Myxoma

Answer 4

• benign neoplasm
• most common primary tumor of heart in teens and adults
• more common in L atrium than R atrium
• fragments can embolize into systemic circulation

Question 5

Rhabdomyoma

Answer 5

• benign

- most common primary cardiac tumor of infancy/childhood

Question 6

Causes of Toxic Metabolic Joint Disease

Answer 6

• alcohol
• cobalt from artificial joint prosthesis
• adriamycin (medication)

Question 7

amyloidosis

Answer 7

• protein deposition as beta-pleated sheets around blood vessels
• can be caused by plasma cell neoplasm (multiple myeloma)

Question 8

myocarditis

Answer 8

• same as inflammatory cardiomypoathy?

- inflammation of the heart muscle

Question 9

cardiomyopathy

Answer 9

• heart disease resulting from a primary abnormality in the myocardium
• secondary cardiomyopathy could be due to factors like ischemic disease, hypertensive disease, and valve associated disease

Question 10

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 10

• impaired relaxation
• pathologic changes: hypertrophy and disarray of fibers
• 100% due to mutations

Question 11

dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 11

• impaired contractility
• microscopic myocardial pathologic changes: non specific
• 30-40% associated with genetic mutations

Question 12

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 12

• impaired relaxation
• not genetically linked (typically acquired)
• could be due to amyloid deposition or radiation-induced fibrosis

Question 13

Effects of Chronic Systemic Hypertension

Answer 13

• atherosclerosis/aneurysm
• cerebral vascular disease
• kidney disease
• congestive heart failure
• in R heart failure, effects can also include ascites and edema

Question 14

Effects of Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 14

R Ventricle

• hypertrophy
• dilation

Question 15

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Answer 15

• antibodies against M protein
• caused by group A strep
• systemic effects

Jones Criteria

• heart: pancarditis
• joint: migratory polyarthritis
• skin: erythema marginatum and subcutaneous nodules
• CNS: sydenham chorea

Question 16

Endocarditis

Answer 16

• inflammation of the endocardium/valves and eventual fibrosis
• can be caused by rheumatic heart disease