UNIT 3-CHEMICAL BONDING🤎

Question 1

give three types of chemical bonding and their definitions according to the syllabus, list the six types of bond in order of bond strength from strongest to weakest

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Question 2

explain ionic bonding using examples of sodium chloride, magnesium oxide and calcium fluoride (use diagrams if necessary)

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Question 3

define a lattice (not on syllabus, just for understanding)

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Question 4

describe covalent bonding in the following molecules: H2, O2, N2, Cl2, HCl, CO2, NH3, CH4, C2H6, C2H4

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Question 5

what is an electron-deficient atom and an atom with an expanded octet? give one example of a compound with an electron-deficient atom and three examples of compounds with an expanded octet

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Question 6

define a double covalent bond,

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Question 7

describe dative covalent bonding (definition and 2 requirements), explain dative covalent bonding using examples of an ammonium ion and aluminium chloride (use diagrams)

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Question 8

explain how sigma and pi bonds are formed with reference to the following examples: H2, C2H6, C2H4, HCN and N2

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Question 9

use the concept of hybridisation to explain sp, sp2 and sp3 orbitals (must show understanding)

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Question 10

define the terms bond energy and bond length

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Question 10

explain how to determine reactivity of covalent molecules from bond energy and bond length

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Question 11

explain the VSEPR theory giving the orders of repulsion between lone pair-bond pair, bond pair-bond pair and lone pair-lone pair

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Question 12

state and explain the shapes and bond angles in the following molecules: BF3, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2O, SF6, PF5 (draw diagrams if necessary)

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Question 13

define electronegativity

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Question 14

explain how nuclear charge, atomic radius and shielding affect electronegativity

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Question 15

state and explain the trend of electronegativity across a period and down the groups on a periodic table

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Question 16

state the three type of bonds present in a molecule based on a certain electronegativity difference (E.N.D)

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Question 17

use electronegativity to explain bond polarity and dipole moments of molecules

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Question 18

describe vann der Waals’ forces according to the syllabus

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Question 19

name and define two kinds of vann der Waal’s forces

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Question 20

describe what hydrogen bonding is, give conditions necessary for hydrogen bonding to occur (2)

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Question 21

use drawn examples of molecules to explain the concept of hydrogen bonding, these examples must contain N-H and O-H groups (include ammonia and water)

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Question 22

use hydrogen bonding to explain this property of water: boiling point and melting point

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Question 23

use hydrogen bonding to explain this property of water: surface tension and viscosity

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Question 24

use hydrogen bonding to explain this property of water: density of ice in comparison to water

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