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AP Euro > Unit 3—Chapters 13 & 14 > Flashcards

Unit 3—Chapters 13 & 14 Flashcards

0
Q

James I

Rule and relationship with Parliament

A 
First Stuart monarch in England
Catholic
Also king of Scotland
Only called Parliament when he needed money
Had big terrifs
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1
Q

Absolute Rule

A

Ruler believes he’s been chosen by God (Divine Rite of Kings)
Ruler doesn’t consider representative assemblies or Parliaments

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2
Q

James I foreign policy

A

Made peace treaty with Spain in 1604
Retracts penal laws against catholics
Didn’t help protestants during Thirty Years War

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3
Q

Hampton Court Conference

A

1604

James I says he’ll ignore all protestants

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4
Q

Charles I’s Extra-parliamentary measures

A

Did most of his work outside of parliament

Renewed many taxes that had been discontinued long ago

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5
Q

The Petition of Right

A

1628
Charles asks parliament for money. They say they’ll give it to him if he agrees to set parliament control his income. He agrees, but later realized he didn’t have as much power as he wanted and disbanded Parliament in 1629

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6
Q

Facts about the “Long Parliament”

A

1640-1660
Consisted of merchants, landlords, Puritans, and conservative Anglicans.
They tell Charles that he has to sign to make England a limited monarchy, so he dissolves parliament.
They don’t dissolve even though he told them to.

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8
Q

English Civil War

A 
*1642-1646/1649
Cavaliers: Monarch's soldiers
Roundheads: Parliament's soldiers
Oliver Cromwell lead the Roundheads after first half. He taught them to fight guerrilla and they pwn'd.
*1649: Charles I executed
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8
Q

England after Oliver Cromwell

A

The Restoration

They wanted monarchy back

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9
Q

England under Oliver Cromwell

A

*1649-1660
Republic of the Commonwealth
Puritan Extremist Military Dictatorship
Cromwell disbands parliament in 1653

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10
Q

Treaty of Dover

A

1670
Between England and France against Netherlands
Charles tells Louis XIV that he’ll openly convert to Catholicism when the time is right. He doesn’t until he’s on his death bed.

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12
Q

The Test Act

A

1672
Made by Parliament in response to Declaration of Indulgences of 1672
Made everyone deny Transubstantiation if he wanted to gain any sort of official power

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13
Q

16th-17th century Netherlands

A

Independence from Spain in 1572
Calvinism was official religion. Many Jews. Different religions lived together peacefully
Monarchy, but with strong Parliamentary backing
Republic. Each province had its own power

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14
Q

Dutch economic prosperity

A

High urban consolidation
Transformed agriculture
Extensive trade and finance
Oversees commercial empire

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15
Q

Dutch economic decline

A

18th Century
Dutch prevented another Stadtholder from gaining power after William III of Britain died
Unified political leadership vanished

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16
Q

William III of Orange

A

He allowed Netherlands to become a permanent country in Europe

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17
Q

Two most important models of European political organization

A

Political Absolutism

Parliamentary Monarchy

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18
Q

Religious Policies of Charles I

A

Opposition to Presbyterian Scots and English Puritans

Tried to impose a prayer book on the Scots very similar to the Book of the Common Prayer

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19
Q

The Popish Plot

A

1678
Titus Oats swore that Charles II’s Catholic wife was plotting with Jesuits and Irishmen to kill Charles so James could assume the throne.

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20
Q

Declaration of Indulgences of 1687

A

Suspended all Catholic penal laws

By James II

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21
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

*1688
Parliament invited the rulers, William and Mary(English king’s sister), from Netherlands to invade England and rid them of Catholic rule.

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22
Q

The Act of Settlement of 1701

A

Made house of Hanover the next ruling dynasty in England
George I was first Hanover ruler
50 others were closer in line, but they were all Catholic, so they could’t become English monarch

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23
Q

The Act of Union

A

1707
Created United Kingdom of England, Scotland, and Wales
During Anne Stuart’s reign

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24
Q

Robert Walpole

A

First Prime Minister of England

Didn’t try to get to much power; was modest

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25
Cardinal Armand Richelieu
"Heavy handed centralization" Chief adviser to Louis XIII Gave a lot of power to the lesser nobility
26
Louis XIV's relationship with the French nobility
Made nobility, especially the lesser nobility, feel as if they had power and say in political affairs.
27
Louix XIV's reign
1643-1715 Outlived children and grandchildren Was the longest ruling monarch Europe had seen
28
Versailles
Hugemongantuan | It consumed over half of France's treasury every year to maintain.
29
Louis XIV's religious acts
Suppressed Jansenists Hurt Gallican Liberties Believed in Religious uniformity
30
Symbolism of Louis XIV
"The Sun King" | No one in Versailles could rise from bed until after the "sun" had.
31
Jansenists
1630s Catholic religious order against Jesuits Cornelius Jansen wrote Augustinus "Original Sin": Everyone born of Adam and Eve ( Everyone) was born with the original sin that Adam and Eve had committed
32
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
1658 "Edict of Fontainebleau" Closed all protestant worship places is France Any protestants who didn't convert to Catholicism were either exiled or put into servitude. France becomes the face of religious porecution
33
Finance Minister of Louis XIV
John Law Duke of Orléans Both big gamblers and big risk takers
34
Wars fought during Louis XIV's reign
War of Devolution 1667-1668 Franco-Dutch war 1672-1679 Nine Years' War 1689-1697 War of Spanish succession *1701-1714
35
War of Spanish Succession
Louis XIV's grandson, Philip V, got ruling power over Spain after Charles II died. Louis thinks Spain and France should unite. Treaty of Rastatt in 1714 ends war
36
Treaty of Urecht
1713 Part of the War of Spanish Succession England gets Gibraltar and still has it today
37
France after Louis XIV
Louis XIV outlived children and grandchildren Great-grandson Louis XV succeed him Duke of Orléans became reagant
38
Economic Beliefs of John Law
Wanted to print paper money | Starts Royal Bank
39
Mississippi Bubble
John Law convinces people to invest in the Mississippi Company. He has them trade in gold for stocks. Smart inventors quickly turn their stocks around for paper money. They then try to trade it in for gold, but there isn't enough gold in the bank to exchange the paper money.
40
17th Central and Eastern Europe
Economy was less advanced than Western Europe More large estates worked by surfs Little or no overseas territories Weak political authorities
41
Dynasties of Central and Eastern Europe
Hapsburg - Austria Hohenzollern - Prussia Romanov - Russia
42
17th Century Poland
No strong central authority Polish monarchy was elective Sejm: Central legislative body. Any member could dissolve it at will through the Liberum Veto
43
Pragmatic Sanction
*1713 | Was to ensure Charles VI's daughter would gain power after him so the Hapsburg dynasty to still hold power
44
Aftermath of the reign of Ivan IV of Russia
Streltsy Uprising in 1689
45
Great Northern War
*1700-1721 Russia wanted to control Baltic and have a warm-water port Peace of Nystad ended war and Russia got Estonia
46
St. Petersburg
Modeled after Versailles | Became Russia's capitol
47
Reforms of Peter the Great
Administrative colleges: Oversay military, economy, foreign affairs, etc. Table of Ranks: No more hereditary nobility. Your noble status was based on how much you contributed to society Holy Synod: Replaced the head patriarch of the Russian Orthodox church
48
Legacy of Peter the Great
``` Copied anything Louis XIV did wanted to westernize Russia Made St. Petersburg the capitol Annexed Estonia Killed his son Alexei for conspiring against him ```
49
Scientific Revolution
"The process which established a new view of the universe."
50
Different views of the Universe
Ptolemaic: Geocentrism, Earth is in center of Universe Copernican: Helicentrism, Sun is in the center Tychonic: Earth was in the center, the sun revolved around the earth, and all of the planets revolved around the sun.
51
Traditional view of universe before Scientific revolution
Earth was static | Epicycles and Deferents "explained" backward movement of the planets
52
Copernican System
Planetary system almost the same as what we know it as today.
53
Nocolaus Copernicus
Heliocentrism | One the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 1543
54
Tycho Brahe
Recorded a lot of astronomical data | Tychonic view of universe
55
Johannes Kepler
Ellipticals | The New Astronomy 1609
56
Isaac Newton
Gravity causes the planetary revolutions Laws of motion Pricipia Mathmatica 1687
57
Mechanism
Explaining things through mechanical metaphors | God built the universe like a clockmaker would build a clock. God then "wound up" the universe and "let go"
58
Francis Bacon
Father of Empiricism Inductive Reasoning: Going from specific to general Novum Organum: "The New Organ" ie the brain Men of Experiments and Dogma
59
Cartesian Dualism
Everything divided into two parts: Material things Thinking things
60
Descartes
Inductive Reasoning: General to specific "I think, therefore I Am" Didn't believe that everything had already been discovered
61
Tabula Rasa
"Blank Slate" Opposite of Original Sin Behaviorism
62
Role of women in the Scientific Revolution
Partners to husbands or fathers | Influence on men
63
Maria Winkelmann
Discovered a comet | Tried to continue her husband's work after he died, but the college wouldn't allow her to, since she was a woman
64
Trial of Galileo
1633 Inquisition of Galileo Galileo put under house arrest He recanted his work
65
Blaise Pascal
"Pascal's Wager": Be good in this life just in case God exists Sided with Jansenists. He thought most Catholics and Jesuits took sin too lightly "Pensées": Two truths exist over all others: 1. There is a living God 2. Mankind is unworthy of that God Opposed to Atheists and Deists
66
Physico-theology
Two books exist: The Bible and Nature. Both are written by the same author and don't conflict with each other Studying nature can help you to understand God
67
Causes of Witch Hunts
``` From *1400s-1700s The Plague Protestant Reformation Religious Wars Superstition ```
68
Results of Witch Hunts
70-100 thousand executed | Gets out of control
69
Targets of Witch Hunts
Usually women over the age of 40 80% were women "Cunning Folk": Healers and herbalists for using "supernatural" techniques
70
Reasons for the end of Witch Hunts
They got out of control | The Scientific revolution rationalized thought and people realized how ridiculous it all was
71
Rulers of Russia
1640-1688 Frederick William "The Great Elector": Forged together many eastern Prussian lands 1688-1713 Frederick I of Prussia: Founded Halle University 1713-1740 Frederick William I: Built up Prussian army from 39k to 80k 1740-1786 Frederick II "The Great": Invaded Silesia
72
Boyars
Peter the Great made them all shave their beards or pay a beard tax They feared Peter the Great after he suppressed the Streltsy from the Streltsy uprising
73
Galileo
``` Universe of Mathematical laws "New Astronomy", "Starry Messenger", and "Letters on Sunspots" Improved the telescope Discovered that Jupiter had moons Solar Flares ```
74
17th Century Scientists
Johannes Kepler: Ellipticals Galileo Galilei: Telescope, solar flares, Jupiter moons Isaac Newton: Gravity causing orbits. Empiricism
75
Thomas Hobbes
``` "Leviathan" Supported absolute monarchy Men are brutally selfish Tyranny is better than anarchy Don't do unto others as you wouldn't have done unto you ```
76
John Locke
"Two Treatises of Government", "Letter concerning Toleration", and "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" Natural rights: Life, Liberty, Property, Rise to Rebellion Role of government is to maintain order Tabula Rasa
77
Movements of 18th century influenced by new science
The Enlightenment

AP Euro (5 decks)

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