Unit 3 (Chapter 7) Key Terms

Question 1

substance that produces H3O+ when dissolved in water

Answer 1

acid

Question 2

reaction involving the transfer of a hydrogen ion between reactant species

Answer 2

acid-base reaction

Question 3

amount of product formed in a reaction

Answer 3

actual yield

Question 4

chemical species of interest

Answer 4

analyte

Question 5

chemical equation with equal numbers of atoms for each element in the reactant and product

Answer 5

balanced chemical equation

Question 6

substance that produces OH− (hydroxide ion) when dissolved in water

Answer 6

base

Question 7

device used for the precise delivery of variable liquid volumes, such as in a titration analysis

Answer 7

buret

Question 8

symbolic representation of a chemical reaction

Answer 8

chemical equation

Question 9

number placed in front of symbols or formulas in a chemical equation to indicate their relative amount

Answer 9

coefficient

Question 10

gravimetric technique used to determine the elemental composition of a compound via the collection and weighing of its gaseous combustion products

Answer 10

combustion analysis

Question 11

vigorous redox reaction producing significant amounts of energy in the form of heat and, sometimes, light

Answer 11

combustion reaction

Question 12

chemical equation in which all dissolved ionic reactants and products, including spectator ions, are explicitly represented by formulas for their dissociated ions

Answer 12

complete ionic equation

Question 13

measured volume of titrant solution that yields the change in sample solution appearance or other property expected for stoichiometric equivalence

Answer 13

end point

Question 14

volume of titrant solution required to react completely with the analyte in a titration analysis; provides a stoichiometric amount of titrant for the sample’s analyte according to the titration reaction

Answer 14

equivalence point

Question 15

reactant present in an amount greater than required by the reaction stoichiometry

Answer 15

excess reactant

Question 16

quantitative chemical analysis method involving the separation of an analyte from a sample by a physical or chemical process and subsequent mass measurements of the analyte, reaction product, and/or sample

Answer 16

gavimetric analysis

Question 17

an equation that shows whether each reactant loses or gains electrons in a reaction.

Answer 17

half-reaction

Question 18

substance added to the sample in a titration analysis to permit visual detection of the end point

Answer 18

indicator

Question 19

of relatively low solubility; dissolving only to a slight extent

Answer 19

insoluble

Question 20

reactant present in an amount lower than required by the reaction stoichiometry, thus limiting the amount of product generated

Answer 20

limiting reactant

Question 21

chemical equation in which all reactants and products are represented as neutral substances

Answer 21

molecular equation

Question 22

chemical equation in which only those dissolved ionic reactants and products that undergo a chemical or physical change are represented (excludes spectator ions)

Answer 22

net ionic equation

Question 23

reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water

Answer 23

neutralization reaction

Question 24

process in which an element’s oxidation number is increased by loss of electrons

Answer 24

oxidation

Question 25

(also, oxidation state) the charge each atom of an element would have in a compound if the compound were ionic

Answer 25

oxidation number

Question 26

(also, redox reaction) reaction involving a change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements

Answer 26

oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 27

(also, oxidant) substance that brings about the oxidation of another substance, and in the process becomes reduced

Answer 27

oxidizing agent

Question 28

measure of the efficiency of a reaction, expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield

Answer 28

percent yield

Question 29

insoluble product that forms from reaction of soluble reactants

Answer 29

precipitate

Question 30

reaction that produces one or more insoluble products; when reactants are ionic compounds, sometimes called double-displacement or metathesis

Answer 30

precipitation reaction

Question 31

substance formed by a chemical or physical change; shown on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation

Answer 31

product

Question 32

the determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample

Answer 32

quantitative analysis

Question 33

substance undergoing a chemical or physical change; shown on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation

Answer 33

reactant

Question 34

(also, reductant) substance that brings about the reduction of another substance, and in the process becomes oxidized

Answer 34

reducing agent

Question 35

process in which an element’s oxidation number is decreased by gain of electrons

Answer 35

reduction

Question 36

ionic compound that can be formed by the reaction of an acid with a base that contains a cation and an anion other than hydroxide or oxide

Answer 36

salt

Question 37

(also, replacement) redox reaction involving the oxidation of an elemental substance by an ionic species

Answer 37

single-displacement reaction

Question 38

the extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water, or any solvent

Answer 38

solubility

Question 39

of relatively high solubility; dissolving to a relatively large extent

Answer 39

soluble

Question 40

ion that does not undergo a chemical or physical change during a reaction, but its presence is required to maintain charge neutrality

Answer 40

spectator ion

Question 41

ratio of coefficients in a balanced chemical equation, used in computations relating amounts of reactants and products

Answer 41

stoichiometric factor

Question 42

relationships between the amounts of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

Answer 42

stoichiometry

Question 43

acid that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

Answer 43

strong acid

Question 44

base that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions

Answer 44

strong base

Question 45

amount of product that may be produced from a given amount of reactant(s) according to the reaction stoichiometry

Answer 45

theoretical yield

Question 46

solution containing a known concentration of substance that will react with the analyte in a titration analysis

Answer 46

titrant

Question 47

quantitative chemical analysis method that involves measuring the volume of a reactant solution required to completely react with the analyte in a sample

Answer 47

analysis

Question 48

acid that reacts only to a slight extent when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

Answer 48

weak acid

Question 49

base that reacts only to a slight extent when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions

Answer 49

weak base