unit 3 chap 2 motivation

Question 1

what does motivation mean?

Answer 1

the external + internal factors–< that stimulate desire in workers to —> continually be interested + committed to work harder

Question 2

what were the content theorists about

Answer 2

how managers can create conditions allowing workers to satisfy their needs

human needs that energise + direct human behavior

Question 3

mention the content theorists

Answer 3

maslows hierarchy of needs
taylors sceintific management
Herzberg 2 factor theory
mayos school of human relations

Question 4

what was Malsows hierarchy of needs about

Answer 4

believed that people’s reasons to go to work change
set up a 5 tier model of human n needs which he belieived ppl would work up to

the first level that motivates is physical needs
once that is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us

Question 5

what were the 5 stages of Maslows hierarchy and explain the human needs catered at work

Answer 5

1) Physical needs
- income from employment
high enough to meet essential needs

2) Safety needs
- contract employment + some job security
- structured org gives clear lines of authority to reduce uncertainty
- ensure good health + safety conditions met

3) Social needs
-working in grps/teams
- ensure good communication –> making workers feel involved

4) Esteem needs
- recognition for work done well
- status advancement
- responsibility
gain respect from others

5) Self affiliation
- challenging work stretching individuals
- gives sense of achievement
- opp to develop + apply new skills

Question 6

what are the criticisms of Maslows hierarchy

Answer 6

• not everyone has same needs as assumed in the hierarchy
• in practice difficult to identify the degree to which each need has been met + which level individual on

-money imp for physical needs but can play part in other needs as well (high income high esteem)

• self-actualization never permanently achieved (challenges must be offered continuously)

-some levels of hierarchy not exist for everyone
- some rewards fit in more than one level
- some ppl change goals

Question 7

explain Taylors scientific management theory

Answer 7

• theory attempts to find –> most efficient way of performing a job
• believed that there were universal laws that governed efficiency + those laws are independent of human judgment
• The goal is to find the best way. of doing things efficiently as possible

Taylor bought scientific approach to productivity
NOT VALUE HUMAN NEEDS OF WORKERS

Question 8

How does Tylors scientific approach improve productivity

Answer 8

• select workers to perform tasks
• observe them perform task + note key elements of it
• record time taken to each part
• identify quickest method -> now allow changes to be made
• superwise workers to ensure that best way is being carried out + set time not exceeded
• pay workers on basis of result - theory of eco man

Question 9

what is the theory of economic man

Answer 9

a veiw that man driven by money alone
- only factor that motivates humans to increase output –> monetary rewards

Taylor suggested –> amount earned by employee should be directly linked to output through system called piece rate

BUT money not everything
practically possi ble that employees w high pay rates may not be motivated due to other factors

Question 10

what does Elton Mayos human relations theory say

Answer 10

• he paved way for modern human relations management method
• based on well-known Hawthorne experiments
• his management theory –> grew from observations of EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY VLVLS UNDER VARYING ENVORIONEMTAL CONDITIONS

the experiment drew several conclusions about–> real source of employee motivation

states employees are motivated more by RELATRIONAL FACTORS –> such as attention than monetary rewards OR environmental factors such as lighting

Question 11

what were the conclusions drawn on the Hawthrone experiment

Answer 11

• change in working conditions + finacial rewards LITTLE TO NO effect on productivity
• when management consults workers + take interest in work –> motivations improved
• working in teams + developing team spirit –>improve productivity
• when some control over own working life given to workers –> positive effect (when taking breaks)

Question 12

what are the vast skills that managers should have in order to effectively carry human relations

Question 13

what does Fedrik Herzberg 2 factor theory say

Question 14

what are hygiene factors

Question 15

what are motication factors

Question 16

define process theorists

Question 17

what does Mcllends motivations theory suggest
explain the 3 motivation drives

Question 18

how does mclllends theory help