Unit 3 - Challenging behaviors & video modeling

Question 1

Describe how principles of operant conditioning can be used to manage behaviors during OT sessions with children.

Answer 1

antecedent –> behavior –> consequence

positive reinforcement - behavior is strengthened

Question 2

What is the best schedule of reinforcement to use in your OT therapy sessions with children?

Answer 2

fixed ratio
*variable ratio:
behavior changes quickly; extinction occurs slowly when rewards cease
fixed interval
variable interval

Question 3

How can you use redirection using a preferred task to help structure your OT therapy sessions with children?

Answer 3

▸ let the child indicate what the session will revolve around based on provided controlled choices.
The child needs to be motivated to improve participation both with behavioral modification as well as meeting goals.
Verbal direction should be precise, minimal, and repeated as needed.

Question 4

What is PCIT?

Answer 4

Parent-Child-Interaction-Therapy attempts to improve parent-child relationship by coaching parents through one-way glass
▸ ~12 week program for families with children ages 2-7
▸ Promotes nurture, good communication, and control
▸ Time-outs, clear boundaries, praise, avoiding criticism/questions
▸ Attempts to interrupt negative cycle of escalation

Question 5

What can you do when your child’s behaviors escalate during a treatment session?

Answer 5

Maintain neutral tone, remain calm
▸ Use planned ignoring for negative behavior
Big reactions may lead to escalation
▸ Be proactive
Keep note of what precedes negative behavior. Remove or add items to session as necessary.

Keep your voice calm
▸ Lower the lights to calm the room
▸ Keep the environment safe (if they are using an object dangerously you should remove it from the room)
▸ Keep yourself safe
▸ Phone for help
If the family is not with you have someone come to assist you in redirecting the child. If you and the family are unable to calm the child you may have to call emergency services.

Question 6

What role does visual processing and attention have with regards to video modeling (VM)?

Answer 6

Individuals with autism often benefit from visually cued instruction

• Restricted Field of Focus
• Strengths in processing visual vs. verbal information * Over selective attention

Question 7

What is VM?

Answer 7

“A technique that involves demonstration of desired behaviors through video representation of the behavior.”

Question 8

Who should use video modeling?

Answer 8

ASD

Question 9

What are the 5 steps to VM implementation?

Answer 9

1. preparation
2. recording of the video model
3. implementation of the video modeling intervention
4. monitoring of the student’s response to the intervention
5. planning the next steps

Question 10

When should you use video modeling?

Answer 10

Social-communication skills
Behavioral Functioning
Functional Skills

Question 11

types of video modeling

Answer 11

Basic video modeling
* Recording a model engaging in target skills/behaviors.
Video self-modeling
* Student is recorded performing skill
Point-of-view video modeling
* Target is recorded from perspective of learner
Video prompting
* Breaking the behavior skill into steps and recording each step with incorporated pauses during which the learner may attempt the step before viewing subsequent steps. Video prompting may be done with either the learner or someone else acting as a model.