Unit 3: Ch 48-50

Question 1

What are Calcium Channel Blockers?

Answer 1

Drugs that prevent calcium ions from entering cells which helps
Relax vascular smooth muscle (dilation)

Question 2

Which parts of the body do CCBs effect?

Answer 2

Heart and blood vessels

Question 3

What are CCBs used for?

Answer 3

HTN
angina pectoris
cardiac dysrrhythmias

Question 4

What are the physiologic functions CCBs have on the myocardium?

Answer 4

Decrease contractile force

Question 5

What are the physiologic functions CCBs have on the Sinoatrial (SA) node?

Answer 5

Reduce HR

Question 6

What are the physiologic functions CCBs have on the Atrioventricular (AV) node?

Answer 6

Regulate/decrease velocity of conduction

Question 7

Where does Nifedipine primarily work?

Answer 7

arterioles

Question 8

Where do Verapamil and diltiazem primarily work?

Answer 8

arterioles
heart

Question 9

What are the 5 direct hemodynamic effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem?

Answer 9

Blockade at peripheral arterioles
Blockade at arteries and arterials of heart
Blockade at SA node
Blockade at AV node (MOST IMPORTANT)
Blockade in myocardium

Question 10

What are the therapeutic uses of Verapamil and Diltiazem?

Answer 10

Angina Pectoris
HTN
dysrrhythmias
Migraine (Verapamil)

Question 11

What are the adverse effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem?

Answer 11

Constipation
Heartblock
Gingival hyperplasia
Edema
Dizziness/headache
Facial flushing

Question 12

What are the contraindications of Verapamil and Diltiazem?

Answer 12

sick sinus syndrome:
2nd/3rd degree heart block
severe CHF
hypotension

Question 13

What are the interactions of Verapamil and Diltiazem?

Answer 13

Digoxin
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
NSAIDs
Grapefruit juice

Question 14

What is the effect of Nifedipine?

Answer 14

Lowers BP
Increases HR
Increases contractile force

Question 15

Can Nifedipine be used to treat dysrhythmias?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

What are the therapeutic effects of nifedipine?

Answer 16

angina pectoris
HTN
relieve migraine

Question 17

What are the adverse effects of nifedipine?

Answer 17

Peripheral edema
reflex tachycardia
increase cardiac oxygen demand
increase pain in angina pectoris

Question 18

What can happen in the body with drugs that dilate the veins?

Answer 18

orthostatic hypotension

Question 19

what can happen in the body with drugs that dilate arterioles and veins?

Answer 19

reflex tachycardia
fluid retention

Question 20

What occurs when arterioles are dilated?

Answer 20

decreases after load

Question 21

What occurs when veins are dilated?

Answer 21

decreases preload

Question 22

What are the therapeutic uses of vasodilators?

Answer 22

Essential HTN
Hypertensive crisis
Angina pectoris
HF
MI

Question 23

What are the adverse effects of vasodilators?

Answer 23

Postural hypotension
Reflex tachycardia

Question 24

What are the therapeutic uses of Hydralazine?

Answer 24

HTN
Hypertensive crisis
HF

Question 25

What are the adverse effects of Hydralazine?

Answer 25

Reflex tachycardia Increase blood volume SLE-like syndrome

Question 26

What are the drug interactions of Hydralazine?

Answer 26

Other hypertensive agents beta blockers

Question 27

What is Nitroglycerin?

Answer 27

Very powerful vasodilator

Question 28

What are the adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?

Answer 28

Hypotension reflex tachycardia headache

Question 29

What is Isosorbide dinitrate?

Answer 29

Long-acting nitrate

Question 30

What is Isosorbide dinitrate used for?

Answer 30

Angina pectoris HF

Question 31

What is Sildenafil?

Answer 31

PDE-5 inhibitor

Question 32

What are the drug interactions of Sildenafil?

Answer 32

vasodilators (alpha-adrenergic blockers and nitrates)

Question 33

What was Sildenafil originally used for?

Answer 33

cardiac medication

Question 34

What are the adverse effects of Sildenafil?

Answer 34

Severe Hypotension Priapism

Question 35

How is regulation of BP treated in the SNS?

Answer 35

alpha 1 blockers beta 1 blockers

Question 36

How is regulation of BP treated in the Renin-angiotensin system?

Answer 36

ACE-I's ARBs DRIs aldosterone receptor blockers

Question 37

How is regulation of BP treated in the kidneys?

Answer 37

Diuretics

Question 38

What are the Vasodilator antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 38

Hydralazine

Question 39

What are the Calcium channel blockers antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 39

Nifedipine Verapamil Diltiazem

Question 40

What are the ACE inhibitor antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 40

Captopril Lisinopril

Question 41

What are the ARB antihypertensive drugs?

Answer 41

Losartan

Question 42

Which antihypertensive drugs can be given to pts with renal disease?

Answer 42

ACE and ARBs

Question 43

Which antihypertensive drugs can be given to pts with diabetes?

Answer 43

ACE, ARBs. CCBs. and diuretics

Question 44

How to minimize adverse effects with pharmacologic therapy

Answer 44

promote adherence

Question 45

Why can adherence be difficult to achieve?

Answer 45

polypharmacy cost side effects

Question 46

How to promote adherence

Answer 46

pt education teach self-monitoring of BP minimize side effects

Question 47

which drugs can be used from Hypertensive emergencies?

Answer 47

Sodium nitroprusside Labetalol