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Exam 2 Meds Flashcards

1
Q

What medication class is Acetaminophen?

A

analgesic
antipyretic

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2
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of Acetaminophen?

A

mild pain reliever
fever reducer

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3
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Acetaminophen?

A

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS

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4
Q

What are the side effects of Acetaminophen?

A

SJS
Hepatotoxicity

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5
Q

What are the interactions of Acetaminophen?

A

Alcohol
pts with liver failure

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6
Q

What should be monitored in pts taking Acetaminophen?

A

Liver function
Kidney function
alcohol intake

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7
Q

What should be included in pt eduction for Acetaminophen?

A

do not take more than 4000mg/day
avoid alcohol
signs of OD

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8
Q

What medication class is Albuterol?

A

Short-Acting Beta2 Agonist (SABA)

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9
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of Albuterol?

A

quick relief and prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm

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10
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Albuterol?

A

beta2 adrenergic receptor stimulation
smooth muscle relaxer
anti-inflammatory effects

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11
Q

What are the side effects of Albuterol?

A

tachycardia
tremor

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12
Q

What are the interactions of Albuterol?

A

beta blockers
NSAIDs
other bronchodilators

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13
Q

what should be monitored in pts taking Albuterol?

A

respiratory status
HR and BP

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14
Q

What should be included in pt education for Albuterol?

A

spacer use
inhalation technique
avoid overuse
avoid triggers

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15
Q

What medication class is Aspirin?

A

NSAID

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16
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of aspirin?

A

analgesic
antipyretic
anti-inflammatory
protection against MI and stroke

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17
Q

what are the mechanisms of action for aspirin?

A

inhibit COX-1 and COX-2

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18
Q

What are the side effects of aspirin?

A

GI effects
bleeding
renal impairment

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19
Q

What are the interactions of aspirin?

A

warfarin
glucocorticoids
alcohol
ibuprofen

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20
Q

what should be monitored in pts taking aspirin?

A

GI symptoms
bleeding risk
liver function
kidney function

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21
Q

what should be included in pt education of aspirin?

A

bleeding risk
discontinuation before surgery

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22
Q

What medication class is diphenhydramine?

A

First Gen antihistamine

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23
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of diphenhydramine?

A

Acute hives (urticaria)

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24
Q

what are the mechanisms of action of diphenhydramine?

A

peripheral effects
effects of CNS

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25
what are the side effects of diphenhydramine?
CNS effects Convulsions
26
what are the interactions of diphenhydramine?
CNS depressants Alcohol
27
what should be monitored in pts taking diphenhydramine?
sedation levels cognitive function anticholinergic effects respiratory status
28
what should be included in pt education for diphenhydramine?
sedation and drowsiness anticholinergic effects avoid alcohol and other CNS sedatives
29
what medication class is celecoxib?
Second Gen. COX-2 inhibitor
30
what are the therapeutic uses of celecoxib?
osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis acute pain
31
What are the mechanisms of action for celecoxib?
inhibits COX-2 receptors
32
what are the side effects of celecoxib?
abdominal pain GI ulceration CV events renal impairment
33
what are the interactions of celecoxib?
warfarin furosemide ACE inhibitors Lithium
34
what should be monitored in pts taking celecoxib?
GI symptoms liver function renal function CV risk CBC
35
what should be included in pt education for celecoxib?
CV risks avoid other NSAIDs!
36
what medication class is codeine apart of?
narcotic analgesic
37
what are the therapeutic effects of codeine?
pain relief cough suppression
38
what are the mechanisms of action of codeine?
inhibition to pain pathways conversion to morphine
39
what are the side effects of codeine?
drowsiness and sedation constipation N/V dizziness resp. depression dependency
40
what are the interactions of codeine?
CNS depressants other opioids Naloxone
41
what should be monitored in pts taking codeine?
respiratory function sedation levels GI functions signs of dependence withdrawal symptoms
42
what should be included in pt education for codeine?
sedation and drowsiness constipation management avoiding CNS depressants signs of dependence withdrawal symptoms
43
what are the therapeutic uses of antihistamine H1 blockers?
treat mild/severe allergic disorders motion sickness insomnia common cold
44
what are the mechanisms of action for antihistamine H1 blockers?
vasodilation increased capillary permeability bronchoconstriction CNS effets Sensory nervous system (e.g. itching)
45
what are the side effects of antihistamine H1 blockers?
sedation non sedative CNS effects GI effects anticholinergic effects severe resp. depression severe local tissue injury
46
what are the interactions of antihistamine H1 blockers?
CNS depressants
47
what should be monitored in pts taking antihistamine H1 blockers?
sedation levels cognitive function GI symptoms HR Anticholinergic effects
48
what should be included in pt education for antihistamine H1 blockers?
sedation warning avoiding CNS depressants
49
what are the therapeutic uses of antihistamine H2 blockers?
treat gastric and duodenal ulcers
50
what are the mechanisms of action for antihistamine H2 blockers?
inhibits gastric secretions
51
what are the side effects of antihistamine H2 blockers?
non sedative CNS effects GI effects muscle pain
52
what are the interactions of antihistamine H2 blockers?
antacids warfarin benzodiazepines phenytoin PPIs
53
what should be monitored in pts taking antihistamine H2 blockers?
GI effects liver function renal function
54
what should be included in pt education for antihistamine H2 blockers?
timing with antacids avoid alcohol
55
what medication class is Guaifenesin in?
Antitussive- expectorants
56
what are the therapeutic uses of Guaifenesin?
reduces thickness and stickiness of mucus so it can be expelled more easily by coughing
57
what are the mechanisms of action for guaifenesin?
makes cough more productive by stimulating flow of resp. tract secretions
58
what are the side effects of guaifenesin?
N/V dizziness headache dry mouth rash or itching
59
what are the interactions of guaifenesin?
other cough suppressants alcohol
60
what should be monitored in pts taking guaifenesin?
hydration status GI symptoms dizziness
61
what should be included in pt education for guaifenesin?
hydration avoiding alcohol
62
what medication class is acetylcysteine apart of?
antitussive- mucolytics
63
what are the therapeutic uses of acetylcysteine?
acetaminophen OD COPD treatment cystic fibrosis treatment
64
what are the mechanisms of action for acetylcysteine?
break down structure of mucus molecule
65
what are the side effects of acetylcysteine?
GI issues resp. effects headache/dizziness
66
what are the interactions of acetylcysteine?
other mucolytics warfarin antidotes for acetaminophen
67
what should be monitored in pts taking acetylcysteine?
liver function resp. status GI symptoms hydration status
68
what should be included in pt education for acetylcysteine?
timing (acetaminophen OD) hydration
69
what medication class is Famotidine apart of?
H2 receptor antagonist
70
what are the therapeutic uses of Famotidine?
GERD Peptic ulcers
71
what are the mechanisms of action for Famotidine?
decrease gastric acid production increased gastric pH mucosal protection
72
what are the side effects of Famotidine?
headache dizziness GI issues
73
what should be monitored in pts taking Famotidine?
renal and liver function cognitive function
74
what should be included in pt education for Famotidine?
duration of use avoid alcohol
75
what medication class is Fentanyl apart of?
opioid analgesic
76
what are the therapeutic uses of Fentanyl?
pain management anesthesia
77
what are the mechanisms of action for Fentanyl?
inhibition of pain pathways sedation vasodilation
78
what are the side effects of Fentanyl?
resp depression N/V sedation dizziness hypotension
79
what are the interactions of Fentanyl?
CNS depressants other opioids sedatives
80
what should be monitored in pts taking Fentanyl?
resp function sedation level GI function signs of OD signs of withdrawal
81
what should be included in pt education for Fentanyl?
duration of use avoiding CNS depressants signs of OD withdrawal symptoms
82
what medication class are Oral Glucocorticoids apart of?
corticosteroid
83
what are the therapeutic uses of Oral Glucocorticoids?
inflammatory conditions allergic reactions asthma and COPD management
84
what are the mechanisms of action for Oral Glucocorticoids?
anti inflammatory effects
85
what are the side effects of Oral Glucocorticoids?
GI issues Cushing's syndrome insomnia adrenal suppression
86
what are the interactions of Oral Glucocorticoids?
NSAIDs antidiabetic meds anticoagulants diuretics live vaccines
87
what should be monitored in pts taking Oral Glucocorticoids?
blood glucose levels GI symptoms adrenal function
88
what should be included in pt education for Oral Glucocorticoids?
duration of use lifestyle modifications
89
What medication class are Inhaled Glucocorticoids apart of?
corticosteroids
90
what are the therapeutic uses of Inhaled Glucocorticoids?
suppresses inflammatory response
91
what are the mechanisms of action for Inhaled Glucocorticoids?
inhibition of immune response mucus production modulation anti-inflammatory effects
92
what are the side effects of Inhaled Glucocorticoids?
oropharyngeal candidiasis dysphonia bone loss slow growth in children
93
what are the interactions of Inhaled Glucocorticoids?
LABAs other resp meds
94
what should be monitored in pts taking Inhaled Glucocorticoids?
lung function systemic effects bone health
95
what should be included in pt education for Inhaled Glucocorticoids?
proper inhalation technique spacer use in MDIs
96
what medication class is Insulin Glargine apart of?
Long-duration insulin
97
what are the therapeutic uses of Insulin Glargine?
treat adults and children with type 1 diabetes and adults with type 2 diabetes
98
what are the mechanisms of action for Insulin Glargine?
glucose uptake inhibition of hepatic glucose production
99
what are the side effects of Insulin Glargine?
hypoglycemia weight gain injection site reaction
100
what are the interactions of Insulin Glargine?
beta blockers alcohol ACE inhibitors glucocorticoids
101
what should be monitored in pts taking Insulin Glargine?
blood glucose levels weight kidney infection
102
what should be included in pt education for Insulin Glargine?
diet and exercise recognizing hypoglycemia managing hyperglycemia
103
what medication class is Insulin NPH apart of?
intermediate-duration insulin
104
what are the therapeutic uses of Insulin NPH?
glycemic control between meals and during night
105
what are the interactions of Insulin NPH?
beta blockers alcohol ACE inhibitors glucocorticoids
106
what should be monitored in pts taking Insulin NPH?
blood glucose levels weight CV health
107
what should be included in pt education for Insulin NPH?
monitoring blood sugar diet and exercise managing hyperglycemia
108
what medication class is Insulin Regular apart of?
Short-Duration, short-acting insulin
109
what are the therapeutic uses of Insulin Regular?
blood sugar control in diabetes DKA
110
what are the mechanisms of action for Insulin Regular?
glucose uptake Inhibition of Hepatic Glucose Production
111
what are the side effects of Insulin Regular?
hypoglycemia lipodystrophy weight gain
112
what are the interactions of Insulin Regular?
beta blockers alcohol ACE inhibitors glucocorticoids
113
what should be monitored in pts taking Insulin Regular?
blood glucose levels signs of hypoglycemia weight
114
what should be included in pt education for Insulin Regular?
monitor blood sugar recognizing hypoglycemia diet and exercise managing hyperglycemia
115
what medication class is Ipratropium apart of?
Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMA)
116
what are the therapeutic uses of Ipratropium?
COPD bronchospasm
117
what are the mechanisms of action for Ipratropium?
inhibition of muscarinic receptors which causes bronchdilation
118
what are the side effects of Ipratropium?
dry mouth increased wheezing CV events
119
what are the interactions of Ipratropium?
other anticholinergics CNS depressants diuretics
120
what should be monitored in pts taking Ipratropium?
resp. function symptoms of resp. conditions anticholinergic effects
121
what should be included in pt education for Ipratropium?
onset of action use of other medications
122
what medication class is Levodopa
Dopamine agonist
123
what are the therapeutic uses of Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone?
symptom control of PD improvement in motor function improvement in quality of life
124
what are the mechanisms of action for Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone?
Levodopa- reduces symptoms by increasing dopamine synthesis in the striatum Carbidopa- prevents decarboxylation of levodopa in intestine/peripheral tissues Entacapone- inhibits metabolism of levodopa and prolongs time levodopa is available in brain
125
what are the side effects of Levodopa?
N/V, dyskinesias, CV effects, psychosis
126
what are the interactions of Levodopa?
food delays absorption, high protein food will reduce therapeutic effects. First gen. antipsychotics, MAOIs, anticholinergics
127
what should be monitored in pts taking Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone?
symptom control dyskinesia liver and renal function CBC
128
What should be included in pt education for Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone?
recognizing "on" and "off" times importance of consistency dietary considerations avoiding alcohol
129
what medication class is Levothyroxine apart of?
thyroid hormones
130
what are the therapeutic uses of Levothyroxine?
treats all forms of hypothyroidism
131
what are the mechanisms of action for Levothyroxine?
converts T4 to T3
132
what are the side effects of Levothyroxine?
tachycardia angina tremors
133
what are the interactions of Levothyroxine?
may reduce absorption or accelerate metabolism enhances warfarin affects increase response of heart to catecholamines
134
what should be monitored in pts taking Levothyroxine?
thyroid function tests symptoms of hypo/hyperthyroidism drug interactions CV health
135
what should be included in pt education for Levothyroxine?
monitoring thyroid function signs of under/over treatment drug interactions missed doses
136
what medication class is Memantine apart of?
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist
137
what are the therapeutic uses of Memantine?
helps with moderate AD behavioral symptoms cognitive enhancement
138
what are the mechanisms of action for Memantine?
NMDA receptor antagonism regulation of glutamate
139
what are the side effects of Memantine?
dizziness headache confusion constipation
140
what are the interactions of Memantine?
other NMDA antagonists anticholinergics CNS depressants
141
what should be monitored in pts taking Memantine?
cognitive function behavioral changes drug interaction
142
what should be included in pt education for Memantine?
drug interactions behavioral monitoring
143
what medication class is Metformine apart of?
biguanides
144
what are the therapeutic uses of Metformine?
glycemic control in type 2 diabetes prevention of type 2 diabetes in high risk pts
145
what are the mechanisms of action for Metformine?
inhibits production of glucose by liver slows absorption of glucose from the intestines sensitizes insulin receptors in fat and muscle
146
what are the side effects of Metformine?
decreased appetite nausea diarrhea lactic acidosis
147
what are the interactions of Metformine?
alcohol
148
what should be monitored in pts taking Metformine?
blood glucose levels hemoglobin A1C signs of lactic acidosis weight changes liver function
149
what should be included in pt education for Metformine?
monitoring blood sugar signs of lactic acidosis diet and exercise alcohol consumption
150
what medication class is Metoclopramide apart of?
antiemetic
151
what are the therapeutic uses of Metoclopramide?
N/V GERD facilitating gastric emptying migraine treatment
152
what are the mechanisms of action for Metoclopramide?
Dopamine Receptor Antagonism inhibition of nausea pathways
153
what are the side effects of Metoclopramide?
drowsiness diarrhea restlessness
154
what are the interactions of Metoclopramide?
CNS depressants dopamine antagonists anticholinergic meds warfarin
155
what should be monitored in pts taking Metoclopramide?
neurological symptoms GI symptoms
156
what should be included in pt education for Metoclopramide?
CNS effects drug and alcohol interactions
157
what medication class is Morphine in?
opioid analgesic
158
what are the therapeutic uses of Morphine?
pain relief (moderate and severe)
159
what are the mechanisms of action for Morphine?
opioid receptor agonism inhibition of pain pathways
160
what are the side effects of Morphine?
respiratory depression constipation cough suppression (MORPHINE mnemonic)
161
what are the interactions of Morphine?
CNS depressants MAOIs antidepressants anticholinergics other analgesics
162
what should be monitored in pts taking Morphine?
resp function sedation level BP and HR bowel function signs of misuse or abuse withdrawal symptoms
163
what should be included in pt education for Morphine?
potential side effects resp depression avoiding CNS depressants managing constipation signs of misuse or dependency
164
what medication class is Naloxone apart of?
opioid antagonist
165
what are the therapeutic uses of Naloxone?
treat opioid overdose relief of opioid-induced constipation
166
what are the mechanisms of action for Naloxone?
competitive antagonist at receptor with opioid
167
what are the interactions for Naloxone?
opioids CNS depressants analgesics antidepressants
168
what should be monitored in pts taking Naloxone?
ABC oxygen application prepare 2nd narcan
169
what should be included in pt education for Naloxone?
how to use signs of opioid OD repeat dosing
170
what medication class is Omeprazole in?
Proton Pump Inhibitor
171
what are the therapeutic uses of Omeprazole?
Used for PUD- decrease acid secretion
172
what are the mechanisms of action for Omeprazole?
inhibits gastric secretion
173
what are the side effects of Omeprazole?
headache GI effects
174
what are the interactions of Omeprazole?
warfarin antifungals
175
what should be monitored in pts taking Omeprazole?
gastric pH levels nutritional status liver and kidney function
176
what should be included in pt education for Omeprazole?
long-term use risk avoid abrupt discontinuation
177
what medication class is ondansetron apart of?
anti-emetic: serotonin receptor antagonist
178
what are the side effects of ondansetron?
headache diarrhea dizziness prolongs QT
179
what should be monitored for pts taking ondansetron?
symptom relief QT interval renal and liver function hydration status side effects
180
what should be included in pt education for ondansetron?
dose QT interval awareness hydration missed dose
181
what are the interactions of ondansetron?
serotonergic drugs other antiemetics QT-prolongation agents alcohol
182
what are the therapeutic uses of ondansetron?
prevention of CINV prevention of radiation induced N/V post-op N/V other N/V conditions
183
what are mechanisms of action for ondansetron?
blocks serotonin receptors
184
what are the therapeutic uses of Phenytoin?
treats all major forms of epilepsy except absence seizures
185
what are the mechanisms of action for Phenytoin?
selective inhibition of sodium channels
186
what are the side effects of Phenytoin?
gingival hyperplasia sedation ataxia cognitive impairment skin rash (measles like) CV effects
187
what are the interactions of Phenytoin?
alcohol
188
what should be monitored in pts taking Phenytoin?
neurological status CBC renal function
189
what should be included in pt education for Phenytoin?
oral hygiene! dietary constrictions drug interactions
190
what are the therapeutic uses of Propylthiouracil?
treats Graves' disease adjunct to radiation therapy thyroid surgery thyrotoxic crisis
191
what medication class is Propylthiouracil apart of?
thionamides
192
what are the mechanisms of action for Propylthiouracil?
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis (suppresses conversion of T4 to T3)
193
what are the side effects of Propylthiouracil?
agranulocytosis liver injury hypothyroidism neonatal hypothyroidism
194
what are the interactions of Propylthiouracil?
other antithyroid meds certain antidepressants anticoagulants pregnancy and breastfeeding
195
what should be monitored in pts taking Propylthiouracil?
thyroid function tests CBC liver function test signs of hypothyroidism
196
what should be included in pt education for Propylthiouracil?
monitoring requirements signs of hypothyroidism pregnancy and breastfeeding
197
what medication class is Sucralfate apart of?
gastrointestinal mucosal protective agents
198
what are the therapeutic uses of Sucralfate?
acute ulcers
199
what are the mechanisms of action for Sucralfate?
Coates inside of stomach
200
what are the side effects of Sucralfate?
constipation dry mouth
201
what are the interactions of Sucralfate?
antacids (diminish effects)
202
what should be monitored in pts taking Sucralfate?
203
what should be included in pt education for Sucralfate?
204
what medication class is Sulfonylurea apart of?
antidiabetic agents
205
what are the therapeutic uses of Sulfonylurea?
glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
206
what are the mechanisms of action for Sulfonylurea?
stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic islets
207
what are the side effects of Sulfonylurea?
hypoglycemia (increased risk with liver/kidney impairment) weight gain
208
what are the interactions of Sulfonylurea?
Disulfiram (hangover symptoms) alcohol
209
what should be monitored in pts taking Sulfonylurea?
blood glucose levels signs of hypoglycemia weight changes renal function liver function
210
what should be included in pt education for Sulfonylurea?
monitoring blood sugar levels signs of hypoglycemia diet and lifestyle
211
what medication class is Tiotropium apart of?
Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA)
212
what are the therapeutic uses of Tiotropium?
bronchodilation
213
what are the mechanisms of action for Tiotropium?
blocks muscarinic receptors in lungs
214
what are the side effects of Tiotropium?
dry mouth anticholinergic effects
215
what are the interactions of Tiotropium?
other anticholinergic meds beta-agonists
216
what should be monitored in pts taking Tiotropium?
resp symptoms lung function HR and BP adverse effects
217
what should be included in pt education for Tiotropium?
inhalation technique monitoring symptoms avoiding other anticholinergics
218
what are the therapeutic uses of Antacids?
GERD heartburn relief PUD gastritis
219
what are the mechanisms of action for Antacids?
react with gastric acid to produce neutral salts
220
what are the side effects of Antacids?
constipation diarrhea
221
what are the interactions of Antacids?
absorption of other medications pH altercations PPIs and H2 receptor antagonists warfarin
222
what should be monitored in pts taking Antacids?
renal functions
223
what should be included in pt education for Antacids?
timing with other meds dietary considerations hydration
224
what medication class is Valproic acid apart of?
anticonvulsant
225
what are the therapeutic uses of Valproic acid?
epilepsy BPD migraine
226
what are the mechanisms of action for Valproic acid?
suppresses sodium and calcium channels augments GABA
227
what are the side effects of Valproic acid?
GI effects Hepatotoxicity Pancreatitis
228
what are the interactions of Valproic acid?
NSAIDs Warfarin CNS depressants
229
what should be monitored in pts taking Valproic acid?
Liver and renal function CBC
230
what should be included in pt education for Valproic acid?
pt may experience non sedative CNS effects, pt should not drive or participate in other activities until they know how the drug affects them

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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