Unit 3: Cellular Energetics

Question 1

3.1 Metabolism

Answer 1

Term used for all the chemical reactions that happen in the body. There’s two reactions.
catabolic- chem. reaction that break things down
anabolic- chem. reaction that build things up

Question 2

3.1 Chemical reactions

Answer 2

All chemical reactions involve chemical substances called reactants that are changed into different substances called products.
Reactants -> chemical reactions -> products

Question 3

3.1 Reaction rate

Answer 3

Speed of chemical reaction

formula: amount of product/time= reaction rate

Question 4

3.1 Enzyme

Answer 4

Proteins that make chemical reactions faster. Enzymes are catalysts (substances that increase the rate of chemical reaction) Enzymes reduce the activation energy.

Question 5

3.1 Activation energy

Answer 5

Minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. When activation energy is reached the chemical reaction starts.

Question 6

3.1 Enzyme structure

Answer 6

The string of amino acids fold into a specific shape because of the different interactions of the amino acids. Secondary and tertiary structures.

Question 7

3.1 Active site

Answer 7

The site on the enzyme where the reactants are changed into products. They can break apart the reactant or bind it.

Question 8

3.1 Substrate

Answer 8

Reactants that bind to an enzyme. The substrates shape has to fit the enzyme and its electrical charges must be the opposite of the enzymes.

Question 9

3.1 Denature/ denaturation

Answer 9

When the interactions between between the amino acids are broken because the change of temperature and pH. This changes the secondary and tertiary structure. When the enzyme changes shape the substrates can no longer fit into the activation site.

Question 10

3.1 Conformational change

Answer 10

Changes in the shape of proteins

Question 11

3.3B Photosynthesis equation

Answer 11

Basic equation: H20 + CO2 + sun light -> carbohydrates + O2

More in depth: light reactions(thylakoids) + Calvin cycle(stroma)

Question 12

3.3B Thylakoid

Answer 12

In chloroplast in which (part of) the photosynthesis process happens in. The thylakoid is folded into thylakoid disks. The thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll and the electron transport chain.

Question 13

3.3B PSII PSI

Answer 13

Photosystem II and I make up the electron transport chain that is located in the thylakoid. Its function is to transform light energy to chemical energy.

Question 14

3.3B Water in the photosynthesis process

Answer 14

While the electrons that have high energy because of the light are transported by the electric carrier, water in the thylakoid lumen is splits, into O2 and H+, and releases electrons which replace the electrons lost in photosystem II. The O2 is released into the air and the H+ ions (protons) stay in the lumen.

Question 15

3.3B Oxygen in the photosynthesis process

Answer 15

Oxygen is the bi-product during the light reactions when water splits into O2 and H+. It will be released through stomata pores.

Question 16

3.3B Chlorophyll

Answer 16

the green pigment that is in the thylakoid membrane. Thylakoids are located in the chloroplasts which are plant organelles.

Question 17

3.3B Electron transport chain

Answer 17

is composed of PSII, electron carrier, cytochrome complex, another electron carrier, PSI, third electron carrier, ATP synthase.

Question 18

3.3B Proton gradient

Answer 18

When the light reactions occur there is a growing amount of H+ protons in the lumen. H+ ions in the lumen are a result of water splitting and the cytochrome complex transporting additional protons.

Question 19

3.3B NADPH

Answer 19

One of the product of the light reactions that stores the energy that originally came from the light. NADPH molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle as a reactant.

Question 20

3.3B ATP Synthase

Answer 20

enzyme in the thylakoid membrane that diffuses protons in the lumen to the stroma

Question 21

3.3B ATP

Answer 21

One of the product of the light reactions that stores the energy that originally came from the light.

Question 22

3.3B Stroma

Answer 22

Space in the chloroplast.

Question 23

3.3B Calvin Cycle

Answer 23

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Question 24

3.3B RuBisCo

Answer 24

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Question 25

3.3B Carbon dioxide

Answer 25

Enters through stomata pores

Question 26

3.3B G3P

Answer 26

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Question 27

3.3B Carbohydrates, sucrose and starch

Answer 27

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Question 28

3.3C Chlorophyll

Answer 28

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Question 29

3.3C Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 29

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Question 30

3.3C Visible spectrum

Answer 30

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Question 31

3.3C Absorption spectrum

Answer 31

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Question 32

3.1 pH

Answer 32

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Question 33

3.1 Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 33

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Question 34

3.1 Competitive inhibitors

Answer 34

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Question 35

3.1 Enzyme concentration

Answer 35

its effect on reaction rate.

Question 36

3.1 Substrate concentration

Answer 36

its effect on reaction rate

Question 37

3.2 Energy

Answer 37

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Question 38

3.2 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics

Answer 38

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Question 39

3.2 Energy transformation

Answer 39

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Question 40

3.2 Energy input and output

Answer 40

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Question 41

3.2 Cellular processes

Answer 41

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Question 42

3.2 Entropy

Answer 42

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Question 43

3.3A Photosynthesis

Answer 43

The process in which primary producers use light energy to power the process of converting water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen.

Question 44

3.3A Light energy

Answer 44

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Question 45

3.3A Chemical energy (glucose)

Answer 45

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