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AP Biology > Unit 1: Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1.1A: Covalent bond

A

bond where atoms share electrons. These bonds are located within the molecule and they can be either polar or non-polar.

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2
Q

1.1A Ionic bond

A

bond where an atom gives an electron to the other. Atoms with these bonds turn into ions and have charges.

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3
Q

1.1A Electronegativity

A

is how tightly an atom holds its electrons. The amount of electronegativity atoms have can determine their type of bond. *In the periodic table the farther up and the right the atom is located the more it is electronegative.

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4
Q

1.1A Polar/polarity

A

partial charge of molecules.

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5
Q

1.1A Nonpolar

A

No charge. In nonpolar covalent bonds the electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms.

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6
Q

1.1A Hydrogen bond

A

An intermolecular force. Hydrogen bonds are between water molecules. Water can form form hydrogen bonds with any molecules with any molecules with charges (full or partial)

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7
Q

1.1A Intermolecular forces

A

yes

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8
Q

1.1B Cohesion

A

yes

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9
Q

1.1B Adhesion

A

yes

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10
Q

1.1B Surface tension

A

yes

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11
Q

1.1B Solvent

A

yes

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12
Q

1.1B Solute

A

yes

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13
Q

1.1B Evaporative cooling

A

yes

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14
Q

1.1B Specific heat capacity

A

yes

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15
Q

1.2A CHONPS

A

yes

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16
Q

1.2A Organic molecule

A

yes

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17
Q

1.2A Inorganic molecule

A

yes

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18
Q

1.2A Macromolecule

A

yes

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19
Q

1.2A Protein

A
  • Wide variety of functions; enzymes that speed up chem. reactions, structure, channels that transport things, pumps, antibodies, cell signaling.
  • CHON(S)
  • NCC backbone is polar while the R groups vary from polar, nonpolar, and some ionically charged.
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20
Q

1.2A Lipd

A

Long term energy storage (triglycerides), cell membranes (phospholipids) , and cell signaling (steroids)

  • CHO(P)
  • Nonpolar
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21
Q

1.2A Nucleic acid

A
  • Contain genetic information used to make proteins that give us out traits (RNA and ATP molecule are nucleic acids)
  • CHON
  • Polar
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22
Q

1.2A Carbohydrate

A
  • Energy storage (glucose, starch, glycogen) and structure (cellulose)
  • CHO
  • Polar
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23
Q

1.2B Ion/ionization

A

yes

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24
Q

1.2B Single bond

A

yes

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25
Q

1.2B Double bond

A

yes

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26
Q

1.2B Ring structure

A

yes

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27
Q

1.2C Polar vs. nonpolar vs. ionic bonds

A

.

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28
Q

1.2C Hydrophilic

A

,

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29
Q

1.2C Hydrophobic

A

,

30
Q

1.2C C-C and C=C bonds

A

.

31
Q

1.2C C-H bonds

A

,

32
Q

1.2C C-O bonds

A

.

33
Q

1.2C O-H bonds

A

,

34
Q

1.3A Monomer

A

,

35
Q

1.3A Polymer

A

,

36
Q

1.3A Mono-, Di-, Ploy-

A

,

37
Q

1.3B Hydrolysis

A

.

38
Q

1.3B Dehydration synthesis

A

,

39
Q

1.4A Monosaccharide

A
  • Carbohydrate monomer

- glucose, fructose

40
Q

1.4A Disaccharide

A

sucrose

41
Q

1.4A Polysaccharide

A 
- Carbohydrate polymer
complex carbohydrate 
glycogen
starch 
cellulose
42
Q

1.4A Glycosidic bond

A

connect monosaccharides

43
Q

1.4B ??add phosphorus to the list of atoms?

A

.

44
Q

1.4B Cholesterol/Steroid

A

,

45
Q

1.4B Triglyceride

A
  • Lipid polymer (but there are other types of lipids too)
46
Q

1.4B Fatty acid

A
  • Lipid monomer

- saturated/unsaturated

47
Q

1.4B Phospholipids

A

,

48
Q

1.4B Ester bond

A

Ester bonds connect fatty acids to glycerol backbones

49
Q

1.4C Amino acid

A

Monomers of proteins.

50
Q

1.4C Carboxyl group

A

.

51
Q

1.4C Amine group

A

.

52
Q

1.4C R group

A

.

53
Q

1.4C Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, ionic, disulfide bridge

A

.

54
Q

1.4C Peptide

A

.

55
Q

1.4C Peptide bond

A

connect primary structure

56
Q

1.4C Dipeptide

A

,

57
Q

1.4C Polypeptide

A
  • Polymers of proteins

- terminus

58
Q

1.4C Enzyme

A

.

59
Q

1.4C Primary structure

A

Chain of amino acids. Peptide bonds connect them.

60
Q

1.4C Secondary structure

A

Hydrogen bonds in the NCC backbone create secondary structure.

61
Q

1.4C Tertiary structure

A

Between R groups, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds create tertiary structure.

62
Q

1.4C Quaternary structure

A

.

63
Q

1.4D DNA

A
  • Nucleic acid polymer
64
Q

1.4D Nucleotide

A

Nucleic acid monomer

65
Q

1.4D Phosphodiester bond

A
  • connect nucleotides on the sugar-phosphate backbone

- Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogen bases on different DNA strands.

66
Q

1.4D Nitrogen bases in DNA

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

67
Q

1.4D Complementary base pairs (w hydrogen bonds)

A

,

68
Q

1.4D Directionality

A

5’–> 3’

Antiparallel

69
Q

1.4D Double Helix

A

,

70
Q

1.4D RNA

A
  • Nucleic acid polymer

- Uracil

71
Q

1.4D Ribose/deoxyribose

A

.

AP Biology (3 decks)

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