Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

1.1A: Covalent bond

Answer 1

bond where atoms share electrons. These bonds are located within the molecule and they can be either polar or non-polar.

Question 2

1.1A Ionic bond

Answer 2

bond where an atom gives an electron to the other. Atoms with these bonds turn into ions and have charges.

Question 3

1.1A Electronegativity

Answer 3

is how tightly an atom holds its electrons. The amount of electronegativity atoms have can determine their type of bond. *In the periodic table the farther up and the right the atom is located the more it is electronegative.

Question 4

1.1A Polar/polarity

Answer 4

partial charge of molecules.

Question 5

1.1A Nonpolar

Answer 5

No charge. In nonpolar covalent bonds the electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms.

Question 6

1.1A Hydrogen bond

Answer 6

An intermolecular force. Hydrogen bonds are between water molecules. Water can form form hydrogen bonds with any molecules with any molecules with charges (full or partial)

Question 7

1.1A Intermolecular forces

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

1.1B Cohesion

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

1.1B Adhesion

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

1.1B Surface tension

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

1.1B Solvent

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

1.1B Solute

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

1.1B Evaporative cooling

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

1.1B Specific heat capacity

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

1.2A CHONPS

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

1.2A Organic molecule

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

1.2A Inorganic molecule

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

1.2A Macromolecule

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

1.2A Protein

Answer 19

• Wide variety of functions; enzymes that speed up chem. reactions, structure, channels that transport things, pumps, antibodies, cell signaling.
• CHON(S)
• NCC backbone is polar while the R groups vary from polar, nonpolar, and some ionically charged.

Question 20

1.2A Lipd

Answer 20

Long term energy storage (triglycerides), cell membranes (phospholipids) , and cell signaling (steroids)

• CHO(P)
• Nonpolar

Question 21

1.2A Nucleic acid

Answer 21

• Contain genetic information used to make proteins that give us out traits (RNA and ATP molecule are nucleic acids)
• CHON
• Polar

Question 22

1.2A Carbohydrate

Answer 22

• Energy storage (glucose, starch, glycogen) and structure (cellulose)
• CHO
• Polar

Question 23

1.2B Ion/ionization

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

1.2B Single bond

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

1.2B Double bond

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

1.2B Ring structure

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

1.2C Polar vs. nonpolar vs. ionic bonds

Answer 27

.

Question 28

1.2C Hydrophilic

Answer 28

,

Question 29

1.2C Hydrophobic

Answer 29

,

Question 30

1.2C C-C and C=C bonds

Answer 30

.

Question 31

1.2C C-H bonds

Answer 31

,

Question 32

1.2C C-O bonds

Answer 32

.

Question 33

1.2C O-H bonds

Answer 33

,

Question 34

1.3A Monomer

Answer 34

,

Question 35

1.3A Polymer

Answer 35

,

Question 36

1.3A Mono-, Di-, Ploy-

Answer 36

,

Question 37

1.3B Hydrolysis

Answer 37

.

Question 38

1.3B Dehydration synthesis

Answer 38

,

Question 39

1.4A Monosaccharide

Answer 39

• Carbohydrate monomer

- glucose, fructose

Question 40

1.4A Disaccharide

Answer 40

sucrose

Question 41

1.4A Polysaccharide

Answer 41

- Carbohydrate polymer
complex carbohydrate 
glycogen
starch 
cellulose

Question 42

1.4A Glycosidic bond

Answer 42

connect monosaccharides

Question 43

1.4B ??add phosphorus to the list of atoms?

Answer 43

.

Question 44

1.4B Cholesterol/Steroid

Answer 44

,

Question 45

1.4B Triglyceride

Answer 45

• Lipid polymer (but there are other types of lipids too)

Question 46

1.4B Fatty acid

Answer 46

• Lipid monomer

- saturated/unsaturated

Question 47

1.4B Phospholipids

Answer 47

,

Question 48

1.4B Ester bond

Answer 48

Ester bonds connect fatty acids to glycerol backbones

Question 49

1.4C Amino acid

Answer 49

Monomers of proteins.

Question 50

1.4C Carboxyl group

Answer 50

.

Question 51

1.4C Amine group

Answer 51

.

Question 52

1.4C R group

Answer 52

.

Question 53

1.4C Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, ionic, disulfide bridge

Answer 53

.

Question 54

1.4C Peptide

Answer 54

.

Question 55

1.4C Peptide bond

Answer 55

connect primary structure

Question 56

1.4C Dipeptide

Answer 56

,

Question 57

1.4C Polypeptide

Answer 57

• Polymers of proteins

- terminus

Question 58

1.4C Enzyme

Answer 58

.

Question 59

1.4C Primary structure

Answer 59

Chain of amino acids. Peptide bonds connect them.

Question 60

1.4C Secondary structure

Answer 60

Hydrogen bonds in the NCC backbone create secondary structure.

Question 61

1.4C Tertiary structure

Answer 61

Between R groups, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds create tertiary structure.

Question 62

1.4C Quaternary structure

Answer 62

.

Question 63

1.4D DNA

Answer 63

• Nucleic acid polymer

Question 64

1.4D Nucleotide

Answer 64

Nucleic acid monomer

Question 65

1.4D Phosphodiester bond

Answer 65

• connect nucleotides on the sugar-phosphate backbone

- Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogen bases on different DNA strands.

Question 66

1.4D Nitrogen bases in DNA

Answer 66

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 67

1.4D Complementary base pairs (w hydrogen bonds)

Answer 67

,

Question 68

1.4D Directionality

Answer 68

5’–> 3’

Antiparallel

Question 69

1.4D Double Helix

Answer 69

,

Question 70

1.4D RNA

Answer 70

• Nucleic acid polymer

- Uracil

Question 71

1.4D Ribose/deoxyribose

Answer 71

.