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APBIO > Unit 3- Cellular Energetics > Flashcards

Unit 3- Cellular Energetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main categories of respiration?

A

aerobic and anaerobic

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2
Q

What is the second step in aerobic respiration?

A

Krebs cycle

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3
Q

What is the whole aerobic process?

A

glycolysis –> Krebs cycle –> oxidative phosphorylation –> 36 ATP per glucose molecules

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4
Q

Anaerobic respiration is also known as…

A

fermentation

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5
Q

List the anerobic respiration process

A

glycolysis –> regenerate NAD^+ –> 2 ATP per glucose molecule

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6
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

1 glucose molecule –> 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

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8
Q

What is nececary in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

NAD^+

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9
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

List the products from the Krebs cycle

A

conversion of 1 pyruvate into 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, H2O, CO2

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11
Q

How many times does the Krebs cycle occur for each glucose?

A

TWICE

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12
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation produces large amounts of _____ from ________ and __________.

A

ATP, NADH, FADH2

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13
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the ________________ and requries ______ to continue

A

mitochondria, oxygen

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14
Q

_________ and _________ pass their electrons down the electron transport chain to produce _____

A

NADH, FADH2, ATP

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15
Q

Each NADH can produce up to _____ ATP

A

3

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16
Q

Each FADH can produce up to ____ ATP

A

2

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17
Q

What is the final acceptor in the electron transport chain?

A

1/2 O2

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18
Q

True or false: movement of electrons down the ETC leads to movement of H+ in the matrix

A

FALSE, H+ ions move OUT of the matrix

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19
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation regenerates NAD+ so that ________ and ________ ________ can continue

A

glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

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20
Q

True or false: Chemiosmosis occurs in only cell respiration

A

FALSE, also photosynthesis

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21
Q

The coupling of the movement of electrons down the ETC with the formation of ATP using the driving force provided by the proton gradient is also known as…

A

chemiosmosis

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22
Q

The enzyme that is responsible for using protons to produce ATP from ADP is…

A

ATP synthase

23
Q

Fermentation is the process that regenerates what?

A

NAD+, so that glycolysis can begin again

24
Q

When does fermentation occur?

A

During he absence of oxygen

25
Q

Fermantation begins with _________ (2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH are produced from 1 glucose molecule).

A

glycolysis

26
Q

Due to the lack of oxygen, the oxygen can not accept the electron energy on the chain, there is a shortage of _______ which prevents glycolysis from happening

A

NAD+

27
Q

Occurs in fungi, yeast, and bacteria

A

Alcohol fermenation, causes conversion of pyruvate to ethanol

28
Q

Causes conversion of pyruvate to lactate is what type of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation; occurs in human and animal muscle cells, oxygen runs low in muscle cells

29
Q

Reactants in photosynthesis

A

H2O + CO2 + light

30
Q

Products of photosynthesis

A

O2 + glucose + H2O

31
Q

Photosynthesis uses energy from _______ to generate ________

A

light, sugar

32
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplasts

33
Q

Where do light reactions occur?

A

Thylakoid

34
Q

Where does the calvin cycle occur?

A

stroma of chloroplast

35
Q

Self- nourishing organism that is also known as a producer(plants) is known as…

A

an autotroph

36
Q

Organisms that must consume other organisms are known as…

A

heterotrophs

37
Q

The loss of water via evaporation through the stomata is what process?

A

Transpiration

38
Q

ATP is made during _______ reactions during photophosphorylation.

A

light

39
Q

Process where water is split into hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms( light reactions)

A

photolysis

40
Q

Where does CO2 enter the plant?

A

stomata, water vapor and oxygen also leave

41
Q

A __________ is a molecule that aborbs light from a certain wavelength

A

pigment

42
Q

Effectivness of an enzyme is determined by what 3 things?

A
  1. the temp
  2. pH
  3. concetation of substrate + enzyme
43
Q

During competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the _________ ___________, leaving the __________ from attacthing

A

active site, substrate

44
Q

An inhibitor molecules binds to a DIFFERENT part of an enzyme, causing chnage of shape of the active site, no longer interacts with substrate

A

noncompetitive inhibition

45
Q

Movement of energy comes from the ____________ of _____________ and ___________ reactions

A

coupling, endergonic, exergonic

46
Q

Reactions where energy is absorbed, G>0

A

endergonic reactions

47
Q

Reactions where energy is relased, G<0

A

exergonic reactions

48
Q

Constant change of energy is controlled through ___________ pathways

A

metabolic ( series of reactions to produce/change a molecule)

49
Q

What reactant goes into the Krebs Cycle?

A

acetyl CoA

50
Q

The Calvin Cycle produces simple ________ from _________ __________

A

sugars, carbon dioxide

51
Q

Catabolism

A

break down

52
Q

Anabolism

A

to build

53
Q

What are the producs of light reactions of photosynthesis that are used in the calvin cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH

54
Q

True or False: Enzymes incease the rate of reactions by increasing the activation barrier

A

FALSE, lowering activaton barrier

APBIO (5 decks)

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