Unit 2- Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Plasma membrane is a selectivley __________ phospholipid bilayer with proteins of various lengths and sizes, interspersed with cholesterol
permeable
Proteins implanted within libid bilayer of plasma membrane
Integral proteins
Proteins attached to exterior of membrane
peipheral proteins
Passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient from _______ to ________
high, low: diffusion
Osmosis is the passive movement of water from the side of ______ solute concentration to the side of _______ solute concentration
low, high
Assisted transport of particles across membrane
Facilitated diffusion- no energy input needed
Active transport is the movement of substances AGAINST concentration gradient that moves from ______ to _______ and _________ energy input
low, high, requries
Phagocytosis
a process where substances are brought into cells by the enclosure of the substane into a membrane- created vesicle that surronds the substance and escorts it into the cell
Endocytosis
phagosytosis of particles into a cell through the use of vesicles
Exocytosis
process by which particles are ejected from the cell, similar to movement in a trash chute
Water potential
indicates how freely water molecules can move in a particular environment, determined by solute potential and presuure potential
A solution that contains higher solute concentration when compared to inside the cell- big cell
Hypertonic
A solution that contains a lower solute concentration when compared to inside the cell-
Hypotonic
No net movement of water across the membrane due to an equal concentration of colutes on both sides indicates that the cell is…
isotonic
A process of brining in droplets of extracellular fluid via tiny vesicles
pinocytosis
Amphipathic means…
both hyrdophobic and hydrophilic regions
-ex. phopholipid molecules
The effect of pressure __________ water potential
decreases
If a piece of potato tuber is placed in concentrated sugar solution…
it would become LIMP due to LOSS of water from its cells
What happens when concentration of solutes decreases in guard cells?
water potential INCREASES
A cell that is HYPERtonic has _____ amount of SOLUTE
high
If an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
lose water and shrink
A cells osmotic potential is -10 bars. Its pressure potential is 5 bars. What would the water potential be?
(-10)+5= -5 bars
Osmosis, diffusion of a solute across a membrane, transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient is a part of…?
passive transport
An integral or transmembrane protein would have to be…
amphipathic
Why does water pass quickly through cell membranes?
it moves through aquaporin channel proteins
Mammalan blood contains 0.15M NaCl. Seawater contains 0.45M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?
Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
Submerging a plant cell in distilled water will result in the cell becoming…
turgid(swollen)
DS water= no solute
Which membrane activity requires ENERGY from ATP hydrolysis?
movement of sodium ions from a lower concetration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
Which can be found in eukaryotic cells but NOT bacteria?
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What organelle will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells?
mitochondria
In animal cells, _______ contain ___________ enzymes
lyosomes, hydrolytic
What organelle or feature is a common compnent shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors?
ribosomes
Which eukaryotic organelle evolved as a part of the endomembrane system?
nuclear envelope
As a cell gets larger, its volume ___________ at a faster rate than its surface area
increases
- a cells SA must be large enough to meet the metabolic needs of its volume
Only ______ can pass through the phospholipid bilayer
lipids
SOME small uncharged _______ substances that are ___________ can go through phospholipid bilayer
polar, hydrophobic
List what -iCRT means
- osmotic/solute potential
i= ionization constant
C= molar constant
R= pressure constant
T= temp in Kelvin (C+273)
Water potential is determined by
the sum of pressure and solute potential
Which organelle breaks fown fatty acids, detoxification of alcohol?
perioxisome
Site for lipid synthesis, deoxification, carbohydrate metabolism
smooth ER
Synthesies proteins to secrete or send to plasma membrane
Rough ER
Centriole
assists cell division in animal cells
