Unit 2- Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Plasma membrane is a selectivley __________ phospholipid bilayer with proteins of various lengths and sizes, interspersed with cholesterol

Answer 1

permeable

Question 2

Proteins implanted within libid bilayer of plasma membrane

Answer 2

Integral proteins

Question 3

Proteins attached to exterior of membrane

Answer 3

peipheral proteins

Question 4

Passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient from _______ to ________

Answer 4

high, low: diffusion

Question 5

Osmosis is the passive movement of water from the side of ______ solute concentration to the side of _______ solute concentration

Answer 5

low, high

Question 6

Assisted transport of particles across membrane

Answer 6

Facilitated diffusion- no energy input needed

Question 7

Active transport is the movement of substances AGAINST concentration gradient that moves from ______ to _______ and _________ energy input

Answer 7

low, high, requries

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

a process where substances are brought into cells by the enclosure of the substane into a membrane- created vesicle that surronds the substance and escorts it into the cell

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

phagosytosis of particles into a cell through the use of vesicles

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

process by which particles are ejected from the cell, similar to movement in a trash chute

Question 11

Water potential

Answer 11

indicates how freely water molecules can move in a particular environment, determined by solute potential and presuure potential

Question 12

A solution that contains higher solute concentration when compared to inside the cell- big cell

Answer 12

Hypertonic

Question 13

A solution that contains a lower solute concentration when compared to inside the cell-

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

No net movement of water across the membrane due to an equal concentration of colutes on both sides indicates that the cell is…

Answer 14

isotonic

Question 15

A process of brining in droplets of extracellular fluid via tiny vesicles

Answer 15

pinocytosis

Question 16

Amphipathic means…

Answer 16

both hyrdophobic and hydrophilic regions
-ex. phopholipid molecules

Question 17

The effect of pressure __________ water potential

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

If a piece of potato tuber is placed in concentrated sugar solution…

Answer 18

it would become LIMP due to LOSS of water from its cells

Question 19

What happens when concentration of solutes decreases in guard cells?

Answer 19

water potential INCREASES

Question 20

A cell that is HYPERtonic has _____ amount of SOLUTE

Answer 20

high

Question 21

If an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Answer 21

lose water and shrink

Question 22

A cells osmotic potential is -10 bars. Its pressure potential is 5 bars. What would the water potential be?

Answer 22

(-10)+5= -5 bars

Question 23

Osmosis, diffusion of a solute across a membrane, transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient is a part of…?

Answer 23

passive transport

Question 24

An integral or transmembrane protein would have to be…

Answer 24

amphipathic

Question 25

Why does water pass quickly through cell membranes?

Answer 25

it moves through aquaporin channel proteins

Question 26

Mammalan blood contains 0.15M NaCl. Seawater contains 0.45M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

Answer 26

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.

Question 27

Submerging a plant cell in distilled water will result in the cell becoming…

Answer 27

turgid(swollen)
DS water= no solute

Question 28

Which membrane activity requires ENERGY from ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 28

movement of sodium ions from a lower concetration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid

Question 29

Which can be found in eukaryotic cells but NOT bacteria?

Answer 29

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 30

What organelle will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells?

Answer 30

mitochondria

Question 31

In animal cells, _______ contain ___________ enzymes

Answer 31

lyosomes, hydrolytic

Question 32

What organelle or feature is a common compnent shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors?

Answer 32

ribosomes

Question 33

Which eukaryotic organelle evolved as a part of the endomembrane system?

Answer 33

nuclear envelope

Question 34

As a cell gets larger, its volume ___________ at a faster rate than its surface area

Answer 34

increases
- a cells SA must be large enough to meet the metabolic needs of its volume

Question 35

Only ______ can pass through the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 35

lipids

Question 36

SOME small uncharged _______ substances that are ___________ can go through phospholipid bilayer

Answer 36

polar, hydrophobic

Question 37

List what -iCRT means
- osmotic/solute potential

Answer 37

i= ionization constant
C= molar constant
R= pressure constant
T= temp in Kelvin (C+273)

Question 38

Water potential is determined by

Answer 38

the sum of pressure and solute potential

Question 39

Which organelle breaks fown fatty acids, detoxification of alcohol?

Answer 39

perioxisome

Question 40

Site for lipid synthesis, deoxification, carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 40

smooth ER

Question 41

Synthesies proteins to secrete or send to plasma membrane

Answer 41

Rough ER

Question 42

Centriole

Answer 42

assists cell division in animal cells