Unit 3: Cells Flashcards
What is the cell Theory?
-All living things are composed of one or more cells
-the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
-all cells come from pre-existing cells
What are prokaryotic cells?
- simple and unicellular
- circular DNA is in a nucleoid region
- linear DNA is inside the nucleus
What are eukaryotic cells?
- contains and nucleus and many other membrane- bound organelles
- animal, plant, protist, and fungal cells are examples
- linear DNA is inside the nucleus
What is the nucleus?
Holds the cell’s DNA and all the instructions that are necessary for the cell to function properly
What is the cytoplasm?
Helps maintain cell shape while suspending and cushioning the organelles
What are ribosomes?
Protein synthesis; making proteins
What is rough ER?
Folds proteins(into three dimensional structures)
What is smooth ER?
Builds lipids (but can also detoxify harmful substances)
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, tags, sorts, and packages biomolecules — preparing them to be transported to their final destination
What are vesicles?
Stores vs. transports materials from one organelle to another… or from one organelle to the cell membrane for secretion
What are vacuoles?
In plants, the water pressure within this organelle helps the plant to support leaves and resist wilting
What are lysosomes?
Breaks down food and digests wastes
What is the mitochondria?
Converts glucose into ATP and all the instructions that are necessary for the cell to function properly
What are the chloroplasts?
Captures light energy from the sun and converts it into food
What is the cell membrane?
Regulates what can enter and exit the cell
What are two things in plants but not animals?
Cell wall and chloroplast
What does hydrophobic mean?
Hate water
What does hydrophilic mean?
Like water
What do protein channels do?
Help larger, more polar, or charged particles gain entry into the cell
What is diffusion?
Moves molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is osmosis?
The passive transport of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is passive transport?
Moves materials across the membrane without using cellular energy
What is active transport?
Cells are required to expand energy
What is hypertonic?
A solution with more solute molecules than water molecules
What is hypotonic?
A solution with more water molecules than solute molecules
What is isotonic?
A solution with a similar ratio of solute molecules compared to water molecular
