Unit 3: Cells

Question 1

What is the cell Theory?

Answer 1

-All living things are composed of one or more cells
-the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
-all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

• simple and unicellular
• circular DNA is in a nucleoid region
• linear DNA is inside the nucleus

Question 3

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

• contains and nucleus and many other membrane- bound organelles
• animal, plant, protist, and fungal cells are examples
• linear DNA is inside the nucleus

Question 4

What is the nucleus?

Answer 4

Holds the cell’s DNA and all the instructions that are necessary for the cell to function properly

Question 5

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Helps maintain cell shape while suspending and cushioning the organelles

Question 6

What are ribosomes?

Answer 6

Protein synthesis; making proteins

Question 7

What is rough ER?

Answer 7

Folds proteins(into three dimensional structures)

Question 8

What is smooth ER?

Answer 8

Builds lipids (but can also detoxify harmful substances)

Question 9

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

Modifies, tags, sorts, and packages biomolecules — preparing them to be transported to their final destination

Question 10

What are vesicles?

Answer 10

Stores vs. transports materials from one organelle to another… or from one organelle to the cell membrane for secretion

Question 11

What are vacuoles?

Answer 11

In plants, the water pressure within this organelle helps the plant to support leaves and resist wilting

Question 12

What are lysosomes?

Answer 12

Breaks down food and digests wastes

Question 13

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 13

Converts glucose into ATP and all the instructions that are necessary for the cell to function properly

Question 14

What are the chloroplasts?

Answer 14

Captures light energy from the sun and converts it into food

Question 15

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 15

Regulates what can enter and exit the cell

Question 16

What are two things in plants but not animals?

Answer 16

Cell wall and chloroplast

Question 17

What does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 17

Hate water

Question 18

What does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 18

Like water

Question 19

What do protein channels do?

Answer 19

Help larger, more polar, or charged particles gain entry into the cell

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

Moves molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 21

What is osmosis?

Answer 21

The passive transport of water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 22

What is passive transport?

Answer 22

Moves materials across the membrane without using cellular energy

Question 23

What is active transport?

Answer 23

Cells are required to expand energy

Question 24

What is hypertonic?

Answer 24

A solution with more solute molecules than water molecules

Question 25

What is hypotonic?

Answer 25

A solution with more water molecules than solute molecules

Question 26

What is isotonic?

Answer 26

A solution with a similar ratio of solute molecules compared to water molecular