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bio > unit 3 - biomolecules > Flashcards

unit 3 - biomolecules Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

four main groups of macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

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2
Q

why is carbon versatile

A

has 4 valence electrons so it can form 4 bonds, can form chains or rings

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3
Q

what are monomers

A

small carbon-containing molecules

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4
Q

what are polymers

A

long chains of repeating monomers (can be same of different monomers)

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5
Q

what is polymerization

A

the process by which monomers join together into polymers

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6
Q

what is dehydration synthesis

A

monomer + monomer = polymer + h20

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7
Q

what is the purpose of carbohydrates

A

main source of energy for all living things

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8
Q

what are carbohydrates composed of

A

CHO (1:2:1 ratio)

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9
Q

example of carbohydrates

A

sugar, glucose, cellulose

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10
Q

what is the monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide

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11
Q

what is the polymer of carbohydrates

A

polysaccharide

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12
Q

1 sugar molecule is called

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

2 simple sugar molecules joined together

A

disaccharide

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14
Q

many monosaccharides joined together

A

polysaccharide

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15
Q

monosaccharide example

A

glucose, galactose

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16
Q

disaccharide example

A

sucrose

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17
Q

polysaccharide example

A

glycogen

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18
Q

are lipids water soluble

A

no

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19
Q

what are lipids composed of

A

CHO

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20
Q

what is the function of lipids

A

store energy long term, insulation, biological membranes

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21
Q

what are the two main parts of lipids

A

hydrophilic heads (glycerol), hydrophobic tails (fatty acid)

22
Q

lipids examples

A

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

23
Q

saturated fat meaning

A

max # of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds

24
Q

unsaturated fat meaning

A

at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms

25
Q

saturated fat example

A

butter

26
Q

unsaturated fat

A

olive oil

27
Q

do lipids have monomers/polymers

A

no, but they are made up of glycerol and fatty acids which make up triglycerides

28
Q

what do nucleic acids do

A

store/transmit genetic info

29
Q

what are nucleic acids composed of

A

CHONP

30
Q

what are the monomers of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

31
Q

what are nucleotides made up of

A

5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine), a phosphate group

32
Q

examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

33
Q

what are the monomers of proteins

A

amino acids

34
Q

what are amino acids made up of

A

an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a variable R group (unique to each amino acid)

35
Q

what are amino acids composed of

A

CHON

36
Q

monomers of proteins are joined via what kind of covalent bond

A

peptide bonds

37
Q

what is critical for proteins function

A

final folded form (forms active sites)

38
Q

what are enzymes made of

A

amino acids

39
Q

examples of proteins

A

enzymes, cell transport proteins

40
Q

what do enzymes

A

control rate of chemical reactions

41
Q

what pH is acidic

A

pH < 7

42
Q

what is pH basic

A

ph > 7

43
Q

what is pH neutral

A

7

44
Q

what atoms are acidic

A

H+ (hydrogen ions)

45
Q

what atoms are basic

A

OH- (hydroxide ions)

46
Q

do bases accept H+ (acidic) or OH- (basic)

A

H+ (acidic)

47
Q

do acids accept H+ (acidic) or OH- (basic)

A

OH-

48
Q

what is carbonic anhydrase

A

an enzyme

49
Q

which macromolecule exhibits various levels of structure

A

proteins

50
Q

which macromolecule participates in nearly every chemical reaction

A

proteins

51
Q

which macromolecule functions in short-term energy storage and structural support

A

carbs

52
Q

which macromolecule is used to create steroid molecules

A

lipids

bio (5 decks)

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