unit 3 - biochemistry Flashcards
Matter
anything that has mass and occupies a volume of space
Element
pure substance w/ distinct physical and chemical properties and can’t be brokendown
Atom
smallest unit of an element that retains distinctive properties
3 subatmoic particles
proton, neutron, electron
Where are protons
nucleus
Where are neutrons
nucleus
Where are electrons
surronds nucleus
What is the number on the top of the element card
atmoic # (# of protons)
What is the number on the bottom of the element card
atomic mass # (sum of protons and neutrons)
What are the 3 major types of chemical bonds
covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond
What is a covalent bond
SHARE - sharing of valence electrons between two atoms
What is an ionic bond
TRANSFER - transfer of valence electrons between atoms
What is a hydrogen bond
kind of ionic bond between molecules - weak eletrical attraction between partially pos charged hyrdorgen atoms and partially neg charged atoms in molecules
How do atoms fill the valence shell
form bonds
What are ions and how are the formed
different rations of electrons to protons (when electrons are gained/lost)
How do hyrdogen bonds form
when atoms covalently bonded to O, N, F creates weak attraction
What is the difference between monomers and polymers
polymers are long strands of repeating units called monomers
How to find # valence electrons easily
fold periodic tavle so Be is next to B and count which collumn element is in
Isotope
extra neutrons
exothermic
releases heat
endothermic
absorbs heat
chemical reaction
process where 2 or more molecules collide with sufficient force and correct orientation to form new molecules (bonds broken and formed)
reactants
things added in chemical reaction
product
result of chemical reaction
shell capacities
1st - 2, 2nd - 8, 3rd - 8
anything that has mass and occupies a volume of space
Matter
pure substance w/ distinct physical and chemical properties and can’t be brokendown
Element
smallest unit of an element that retains distinctive properties
Atom
proton, neutron, electron
3 subatmoic particles
nucleus
houses protons and neutrons
surronds nucleus
houses electrons
atmoic # (# of protons, # of electrons)
number on the top of the element card
atomic mass # (sum of protons and neutrons)
number of the bottom of the element card
SHARE - sharing of valence electrons between two atoms
covalent bond
TRANSFER - transfer of valence electrons between atoms
ionic bond
kind of ionic bond - weak eletrical attraction between partially pos charged hyrdorgen atoms and partially neg charged atoms
hyrdogen bond
why form bonds
to fill valence shells and stabalize
different rations of electrons to protons (when electrons are gained/lost)
ions
when atoms covalently bonded to O, N, F creates weak attraction
how hyrdogen bond happens
extra neutrons
isotope
releases heat
exothermic
absorbs heat
endothermic
process where 2 or more molecules collide with sufficient force and correct orientation to form new molecules (bonds broken and formed)
chemical reaction
things added in chemical reaction
reactants
result of chemical reaction
product
polarity definition
Polarity is the unequal distribution of electron density between two elements.
how does salt (NaCl) dissolve in water
Within the water molecules there are covalent bonds which are stronger than the NaCl’s ionic bonds. The attraction between the positive H+ and the negative Cl- pulls the Cl- away from the Na+ and the negative O- attracts the Na+ pulling it away from the Cl-.
what is cohesion
attraction of two of the same molecules.
what is adhesion
attraction of two different molecules.
how to determine if an element has similar chemical properties to another element
same # valence electrons
