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bio > unit 3 - biochemistry > Flashcards

unit 3 - biochemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies a volume of space

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2
Q

Element

A

pure substance w/ distinct physical and chemical properties and can’t be brokendown

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3
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit of an element that retains distinctive properties

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4
Q

3 subatmoic particles

A

proton, neutron, electron

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5
Q

Where are protons

A

nucleus

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6
Q

Where are neutrons

A

nucleus

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7
Q

Where are electrons

A

surronds nucleus

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8
Q

What is the number on the top of the element card

A

atmoic # (# of protons)

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9
Q

What is the number on the bottom of the element card

A

atomic mass # (sum of protons and neutrons)

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10
Q

What are the 3 major types of chemical bonds

A

covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond

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11
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

SHARE - sharing of valence electrons between two atoms

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12
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

TRANSFER - transfer of valence electrons between atoms

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13
Q

What is a hydrogen bond

A

kind of ionic bond between molecules - weak eletrical attraction between partially pos charged hyrdorgen atoms and partially neg charged atoms in molecules

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14
Q

How do atoms fill the valence shell

A

form bonds

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15
Q

What are ions and how are the formed

A

different rations of electrons to protons (when electrons are gained/lost)

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16
Q

How do hyrdogen bonds form

A

when atoms covalently bonded to O, N, F creates weak attraction

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17
Q

What is the difference between monomers and polymers

A

polymers are long strands of repeating units called monomers

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18
Q

How to find # valence electrons easily

A

fold periodic tavle so Be is next to B and count which collumn element is in

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19
Q

Isotope

A

extra neutrons

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20
Q

exothermic

A

releases heat

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21
Q

endothermic

A

absorbs heat

22
Q

chemical reaction

A

process where 2 or more molecules collide with sufficient force and correct orientation to form new molecules (bonds broken and formed)

23
Q

reactants

A

things added in chemical reaction

24
Q

product

A

result of chemical reaction

25
Q

shell capacities

A

1st - 2, 2nd - 8, 3rd - 8

26
Q

anything that has mass and occupies a volume of space

A

Matter

27
Q

pure substance w/ distinct physical and chemical properties and can’t be brokendown

A

Element

28
Q

smallest unit of an element that retains distinctive properties

A

Atom

29
Q

proton, neutron, electron

A

3 subatmoic particles

30
Q

nucleus

A

houses protons and neutrons

31
Q

surronds nucleus

A

houses electrons

32
Q

atmoic # (# of protons, # of electrons)

A

number on the top of the element card

33
Q

atomic mass # (sum of protons and neutrons)

A

number of the bottom of the element card

34
Q

SHARE - sharing of valence electrons between two atoms

A

covalent bond

35
Q

TRANSFER - transfer of valence electrons between atoms

A

ionic bond

36
Q

kind of ionic bond - weak eletrical attraction between partially pos charged hyrdorgen atoms and partially neg charged atoms

A

hyrdogen bond

37
Q

why form bonds

A

to fill valence shells and stabalize

38
Q

different rations of electrons to protons (when electrons are gained/lost)

A

ions

39
Q

when atoms covalently bonded to O, N, F creates weak attraction

A

how hyrdogen bond happens

40
Q

extra neutrons

A

isotope

41
Q

releases heat

A

exothermic

42
Q

absorbs heat

A

endothermic

43
Q

process where 2 or more molecules collide with sufficient force and correct orientation to form new molecules (bonds broken and formed)

A

chemical reaction

44
Q

things added in chemical reaction

A

reactants

45
Q

result of chemical reaction

A

product

46
Q

polarity definition

A

Polarity is the unequal distribution of electron density between two elements.

47
Q

how does salt (NaCl) dissolve in water

A

Within the water molecules there are covalent bonds which are stronger than the NaCl’s ionic bonds. The attraction between the positive H+ and the negative Cl- pulls the Cl- away from the Na+ and the negative O- attracts the Na+ pulling it away from the Cl-.

48
Q

what is cohesion

A

attraction of two of the same molecules.

49
Q

what is adhesion

A

attraction of two different molecules.

50
Q

how to determine if an element has similar chemical properties to another element

A

same # valence electrons

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