unit 3 biology Flashcards
How does protein work in our body?
They catalyse reactions, they help bind cells to tissues, they can be antibodies which protect us from pathogens, they transport material, they can carry chemical messenges(hormone), they control the activity of genes.
What is a dipeptide?
When only two amino acids join.
What is it called when less than 50 amino acids join?
Oligopeptides.
What is it called when more than 50 amino acids join together?
polypeptides.
How does an amino acid join with another amino acid to form protein?
By joining the hydroxides from one amino acid with the hydrogen from the other amino acid.
What is the bond called when two amino acids join and what is the reaction called?
Peptide bond and it is called condensation reaction.
What determines the function of different amino acids?
The R group
What are the four steps in when the enzyme breaks down the substrate?
- The substrate is bonded to the specific enzyme.
- Then it forms a enzyme-substrate complex. 3. The binding of the substrate leads to stress being put on the products. 4. The products are released and seperated from the enzyme for the enzyme to bind to other substrates.
What is activation energy?
The minimum energy needed for particles to start moving or reacting?
What do enzymes do to activation energy?
Lower the activation energy so the particles can get moving and start reacting
Why would an enzyme become denatured when the temperature is above a temperature?
Because the active site has become denatured and changed shape which means it cannot bind to the substrate and the enzyme can no longer do its job.
What are the four factors that affect enzyme activity and how does it affect it?
Temperature-As temperature increases, it increases the kinetic energy then the enzyme activity increases until it reaches the optimum temp the enzyme works at, the enzyme then works the best. Then after the active site then becomes denature because the temperature goes above the optimum temperature and so the active site does not have the right shape and so the enzyme will not work.
PH- The increasing ph increases the reaction but then when it gets to an optimum the active site will become denatured as the hydrogen bonds in the enzyme are sensitive to the hydrogen ions in the ph.
Substrate concentration- When the substrate concentration increases, then the enzyme reaction will increase but then when the substrates increase even more then the reaction will stay the same because the enzymes are busy.
