Unit 3- Biological Molecules/ Nutrition In Humans

Question 1

What are polymers

Answer 1

They are made up from small units (molecules made up of lots of little substances)

Question 2

What is starch made from

Answer 2

Glucose, and glucose is a simple sugar (it is a small souble molecules)

Question 3

What does two glucose makes

Answer 3

Maltose

Question 4

What does lots of glucose linked together make

Answer 4

Starch

Question 5

What are protein made form

Answer 5

Amino acid, there are twenty different amino acids (each amino acids have similar structures)

Question 6

Which elements would you find in carbohydrates

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 7

Which elements would you find in protein

Answer 7

Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen

Question 8

Which elements would you find in lipids

Answer 8

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 9

How would you test a substance for starch

Answer 9

• Take a sample of the substance you will test
• Add a few drops of iodine
• If starch is present it will go blue/ black

Question 10

How would you test a substance for glucose

Answer 10

• Take a sample of the substance you will test
• Add an equal volume of Benedict solution and heat to 95
• Positive results (that glucose is present) then it will change to a brick red colour

Question 11

What else can Benedict solution tell us about glucose

Answer 11

It can tell us how much glucose is present
💚= low amont of glucose
💛= medium
❤️= high

Question 12

What does a balance diet contain

Answer 12

It contains all 7 food groups and in the correct proportions

Question 13

What are the 7 different food groups

Answer 13

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Fibre

Question 14

What is malnutrition

Answer 14

• if any of the seven food groups are missing you are malnutristed
• or if they are eaten in the wrong proportions

Question 15

What is a common food source and use in the body for protein

Answer 15

• eggs, milk, cheese, fish and meat

* Growth and repair of cells

Question 16

What is a common food source and use in the body for fat

Answer 16

• Oil, butter, cheese, oily fish

* To maintain body temperature and to store energy

Question 17

What is a common food source and use in the body for sugar

Answer 17

• Sweets, chocolate and fruit

* Short term energy source

Question 18

What is a common food source and use in the body for starch

Answer 18

• Potatoes, rice, bread, cereals

* release energy in our cells to enable all the life process

Question 19

What is a common food source and use in the body for calcium

Answer 19

• cheese, milk, yogurt

* helps produce healthy teeth and bones

Question 20

What is a common food source and use in the body for iron

Answer 20

• Red meats, spinach

* makes haemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 21

What is a common food source and use in the body for vitamin C

Answer 21

• Citrus fruits, green veg

* healthy teeth, skin, gums, heathy blood vesselling

Question 22

What is a common food source and use in the body for fibre

Answer 22

• Leafy veg, grains

* gives your digestive system something to push against

Question 23

What does the mouth do

Answer 23

Teeth and tongue break down food into smaller pieces saliva from salivary glands moisten food so it is easily swallowed and contains the enzyme amylase begin breakdown the starch

Question 24

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 24

Each lump is swallowed food is moved from the mouth to the stomach by waves of muscle contraction call peristalysis

Question 25

What does the stomach do

Answer 25

Food enter through a ring of muscle known as a sphincter Acid and protease enzymes are secreted to start protein digestion Movements of the muscular wall churn up food into a liquid known as chyme (kime) The party digested food passes a little at a time through another sphincter into the small intestine

Question 26

What does the liver do?

Answer 26

Cells in the liver make bile. Amino Acids not used for making proteins are broken down to form urea which passes to the kidneys for excretion. Excess glucose is removed from the blood and stored as glycogen in liver cells

Question 27

What does the Gall bladder do

Answer 27

Stores Nile from the liver which makes bile. The bile is passes along the bile duct into the small intestine where it neutralises the stomach acid in the chyme

Question 28

What does the pancreas do

Answer 28

Secretes amlase, lipase and protease enzymes as well as sodium hydrogen carbonate, into the small intestine

Question 29

What does the small intestine do

Answer 29

Secretion from the gall bladder and pancreas as well as carbohydrase, protease and lipase enzymes from the wall of the small intestine completes digestion . Digested food is absorbed into the blood through the villi

Question 30

What does the large intestine do

Answer 30

Water and some vitamins are absorbed from remaining materials

Question 31

What does the rectum do

Answer 31

The remaining material (faeces) made up of indigestible food, dead cells from the lining of the alimentary canal and bacterial is compacted and stored

Question 32

What does the anus do

Answer 32

Faeces is egested through sphincter

Question 33

What are enzymes

Answer 33

They are proteins

Question 34

What do enzymes do

Answer 34

They speed up the reaction in the body

Question 35

Can you reused an enzyme

Answer 35

Yes but if they are over heated they will become denatured and you will not be able to use it again, this happen when you have heat stroke also extream acidics and alkaline will denature certain enzymes

Question 36

What does ingestion mean

Answer 36

Taking food into the body (through the mouth for humans)

Question 37

What does digestion mean

Answer 37

Breaking down of large food molecules into smaller molecules

Question 38

What does absorption mean

Answer 38

Of digested food molecules into the blood

Question 39

What does assimilation mean

Answer 39

Converting food molecules to other food molecules for use in the body

Question 40

What does egestion mean

Answer 40

Removal of u digested material (faeces) from the body

Question 41

What are Lipids made up of

Answer 41

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 42

How many fatty acid does a glycerol have attach to it

Answer 42

3

Question 43

How many different fatty acids are there

Answer 43

Lots