Unit 2- Gas Exchange And Respiration Flashcards
What happens when your diaphragm goes up
This is when you breathe out and your diaphragm relaxes and moves up. The thorax volume decrces and the pressure increases
What happens to your ribs when you breathe in
They move up and out and your intracostal muscles and diaphragm contract to cause breathing in
What happens to your ribs when you breathe out
They move in and down
What is the definition of gas exchange
In the lungs oxygen diffuses into the blood (from the inhaled air) and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood (into the exhaled air)
Where does carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuses into and out of the blood
The alveoli
What does the thin permeable wall, which are in the alveoli, do?
They keep the distance over which diffusion of the gases takes place, between the air and blood, to a minimum
What happen in the moist lining in an alveoli
This is where the gases dissolve before the diffuse across all the membranes
How big is the surface area for diffusion the alveoli
70m2
How many alveoli are there in a human lung
There are hundreds of alveoli in a human lung
What is the job of your lungs
The job of your lungs is to get a fresh supplies of air containing oxygen into your breathing system, and to get rid of waste carbon dioxide produced by your body
How is air brought into your lungs
By the movement of your ribs and the disphragm
Where does gas exchange take place
In tiny air sacs called alveoli
What are the alveoli
They are millions of tiny air sacs making up gas exchange tissue
What are your lungs
The body organ when gas exchange takes place
What is your thorax
The upper part of your body containing the lungs
What is your trachea
The main air passage leading in from the mouth and nose
What is your diaphragm
Large sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen
What are the bronchioles
The smallest air passage in the lungs
What solution goes cloudy with carbon dioxide in it
Lime water
What does the air we breathe out contain more of
Carbon dioxide
When does carbon dioxide come from
A process called respiration that takes place in our cells
What does respiration use
It uses oxygen
How to design an experiment
- Basic set up. What organism or substance that you plan to use. Don’t just say plant, give the type of plant
- What will I change? (This is the indepent variable)
- What, how and when will I measure? (This is the dependent variable)
- What will I keep the same? These are the controlled variable, choose two. They must be things that will effect the results
- Repeat/ use several organisms, this will make the results more reliable
(Don’t give a list of apparatus or say what your results will be)
Design and experiment to show the effect of exercise on gas exchange
- You would gather a group of humans being to perform the experiment, and make them do star jumps
- I will change how many star jumps each person will do.
- I will messure gas exchange by messuring the volume of your breathe. By counting how many breathes you have before exercise every minuet and how many breathes you have after exercise every minuet and compare the results
- Each human should be the same age and around the same fitness. If these things were changed it may effect the variable of the experiment
- You should repeat the experiment to make sure you have the right results
Why do we breathe quicker after we have exercised
So we can get more oxygen into our blood which is transported into our muscles. Also our muscles create more CO2 when we exercise and we want to get rid of it
What happen when the chemicals in the smoke enter the lungs
They can effect your whole body and not just yours lungs because the chemicals are small enough that the molecules can then diffuse into the blood then be carried round the body
Why do people become addicted to smoking
Because people get addicted to nicotine and also they get addicted to the way it makes them feel relaxed and more alert
What is tar
Tar is in tobacco smoke and it is a mixture of chemical that form a black sticky substance in the lungs. Also the tar coats tiny hair lik cilia because it is sticky
What is bronchitis
It is an infection in the bronchi caused by the build up of sticky mucus
What happen when you continuously cough over a long period of time in order to clear the tar from the lungs
It damages the alveoli, this breaks down the division between them and so reducing their surface area (this is called Emphysema)
What does someone with Emphysema have
They have very low oxygen blood levels and they may need to breathe in pure oxygen through a tube or mask
What do Carcinogenic chemical that are found in tar do?
They cause cell to start dividing uncontrollably and so cause cancer
If you smoke where are you most liking going to get cancer
In you mouth, throat or lungs
What can carbon monoxide and nicotine increase
Blood pressure
What can carbon monoxide replace
It can replace oxygen in red blood cells
What can a lack of oxygen do
It can cause cells to die, especially in the fingers and toes
What will happen if someone smokes while they are pregnant
It will pass carbon monoxide to her baby which will effect it growth
What can smoking cause
A stroke or heart disease
Why can smoking cause a stroke
Because some of the chemical in tobacco smoke can cause cholesterol to be released into the blood. The cholesterol can attach to the lining and cause thickening and clots. This can block the blood flow which stops oxygen getting to the tissues beyond the blockage. If this clot does not break free and travelles to the blood vessel in the brain it could cause a stroke
Why can smoking cause heart disease
In a coronary blood vessel (which supplies the heart muscle with oxygen) a clot can cause coronary heart disease, such as a heart attack
What is the definition do respiration
This is the process that takes place inside the mitochondria (inside our cells) it is the relase of energy from glucose
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 ➡️ CO2 + H2O + Energy
What is the balance equation for Aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➡️ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What does glucose and oxygen do
Gets to the cells through blood
What does carbon dioxide do
Removed from cell by blood and exits the body via the lungs
What is produced by respiration
Heat
What is Anaerobic respiration
This is a special process that allows respiration to occur when oxygen levels are low. It will occur during sprints races as it cannot be sustained for long periods of time. Anaerobic respiration creates lactic acid
In animals cells what is the word equation
Glucose ➡️ lactic acid + Energy
In plant cells what is the word equation
Glucose ➡️ ethanol + CO2 + Energy
How do we break down lactic Acid
Lactic acid is toxic so we need to break it down, we break it down using oxygen so we still need to breathe deeply after anaerobic respiration
What happens when your diaphragm goes down
Your lungs inflate; the volume of your diaphragm gets larger and the pressure decreases so air enter the lungs to equal out the pressure
