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Biology- Year 9 > Unit 2- Gas Exchange And Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2- Gas Exchange And Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when your diaphragm goes up

A

This is when you breathe out and your diaphragm relaxes and moves up. The thorax volume decrces and the pressure increases

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2
Q

What happens to your ribs when you breathe in

A

They move up and out and your intracostal muscles and diaphragm contract to cause breathing in

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3
Q

What happens to your ribs when you breathe out

A

They move in and down

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4
Q

What is the definition of gas exchange

A

In the lungs oxygen diffuses into the blood (from the inhaled air) and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood (into the exhaled air)

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5
Q

Where does carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuses into and out of the blood

A

The alveoli

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6
Q

What does the thin permeable wall, which are in the alveoli, do?

A

They keep the distance over which diffusion of the gases takes place, between the air and blood, to a minimum

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7
Q

What happen in the moist lining in an alveoli

A

This is where the gases dissolve before the diffuse across all the membranes

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8
Q

How big is the surface area for diffusion the alveoli

A

70m2

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9
Q

How many alveoli are there in a human lung

A

There are hundreds of alveoli in a human lung

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10
Q

What is the job of your lungs

A

The job of your lungs is to get a fresh supplies of air containing oxygen into your breathing system, and to get rid of waste carbon dioxide produced by your body

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11
Q

How is air brought into your lungs

A

By the movement of your ribs and the disphragm

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12
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

In tiny air sacs called alveoli

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13
Q

What are the alveoli

A

They are millions of tiny air sacs making up gas exchange tissue

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14
Q

What are your lungs

A

The body organ when gas exchange takes place

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15
Q

What is your thorax

A

The upper part of your body containing the lungs

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16
Q

What is your trachea

A

The main air passage leading in from the mouth and nose

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17
Q

What is your diaphragm

A

Large sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen

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18
Q

What are the bronchioles

A

The smallest air passage in the lungs

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19
Q

What solution goes cloudy with carbon dioxide in it

A

Lime water

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20
Q

What does the air we breathe out contain more of

A

Carbon dioxide

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21
Q

When does carbon dioxide come from

A

A process called respiration that takes place in our cells

22
Q

What does respiration use

A

It uses oxygen

23
Q

How to design an experiment

A
  1. Basic set up. What organism or substance that you plan to use. Don’t just say plant, give the type of plant
  2. What will I change? (This is the indepent variable)
  3. What, how and when will I measure? (This is the dependent variable)
  4. What will I keep the same? These are the controlled variable, choose two. They must be things that will effect the results
  5. Repeat/ use several organisms, this will make the results more reliable

(Don’t give a list of apparatus or say what your results will be)

24
Q

Design and experiment to show the effect of exercise on gas exchange

A
  1. You would gather a group of humans being to perform the experiment, and make them do star jumps
  2. I will change how many star jumps each person will do.
  3. I will messure gas exchange by messuring the volume of your breathe. By counting how many breathes you have before exercise every minuet and how many breathes you have after exercise every minuet and compare the results
  4. Each human should be the same age and around the same fitness. If these things were changed it may effect the variable of the experiment
  5. You should repeat the experiment to make sure you have the right results
25
Q

Why do we breathe quicker after we have exercised

A

So we can get more oxygen into our blood which is transported into our muscles. Also our muscles create more CO2 when we exercise and we want to get rid of it

26
Q

What happen when the chemicals in the smoke enter the lungs

A

They can effect your whole body and not just yours lungs because the chemicals are small enough that the molecules can then diffuse into the blood then be carried round the body

27
Q

Why do people become addicted to smoking

A

Because people get addicted to nicotine and also they get addicted to the way it makes them feel relaxed and more alert

28
Q

What is tar

A

Tar is in tobacco smoke and it is a mixture of chemical that form a black sticky substance in the lungs. Also the tar coats tiny hair lik cilia because it is sticky

29
Q

What is bronchitis

A

It is an infection in the bronchi caused by the build up of sticky mucus

30
Q

What happen when you continuously cough over a long period of time in order to clear the tar from the lungs

A

It damages the alveoli, this breaks down the division between them and so reducing their surface area (this is called Emphysema)

31
Q

What does someone with Emphysema have

A

They have very low oxygen blood levels and they may need to breathe in pure oxygen through a tube or mask

32
Q

What do Carcinogenic chemical that are found in tar do?

A

They cause cell to start dividing uncontrollably and so cause cancer

33
Q

If you smoke where are you most liking going to get cancer

A

In you mouth, throat or lungs

34
Q

What can carbon monoxide and nicotine increase

A

Blood pressure

35
Q

What can carbon monoxide replace

A

It can replace oxygen in red blood cells

36
Q

What can a lack of oxygen do

A

It can cause cells to die, especially in the fingers and toes

37
Q

What will happen if someone smokes while they are pregnant

A

It will pass carbon monoxide to her baby which will effect it growth

38
Q

What can smoking cause

A

A stroke or heart disease

39
Q

Why can smoking cause a stroke

A

Because some of the chemical in tobacco smoke can cause cholesterol to be released into the blood. The cholesterol can attach to the lining and cause thickening and clots. This can block the blood flow which stops oxygen getting to the tissues beyond the blockage. If this clot does not break free and travelles to the blood vessel in the brain it could cause a stroke

40
Q

Why can smoking cause heart disease

A

In a coronary blood vessel (which supplies the heart muscle with oxygen) a clot can cause coronary heart disease, such as a heart attack

41
Q

What is the definition do respiration

A

This is the process that takes place inside the mitochondria (inside our cells) it is the relase of energy from glucose

42
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + water + energy

43
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + O2 ➡️ CO2 + H2O + Energy

44
Q

What is the balance equation for Aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➡️ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

45
Q

What does glucose and oxygen do

A

Gets to the cells through blood

46
Q

What does carbon dioxide do

A

Removed from cell by blood and exits the body via the lungs

47
Q

What is produced by respiration

A

Heat

48
Q

What is Anaerobic respiration

A

This is a special process that allows respiration to occur when oxygen levels are low. It will occur during sprints races as it cannot be sustained for long periods of time. Anaerobic respiration creates lactic acid

49
Q

In animals cells what is the word equation

A

Glucose ➡️ lactic acid + Energy

50
Q

In plant cells what is the word equation

A

Glucose ➡️ ethanol + CO2 + Energy

51
Q

How do we break down lactic Acid

A

Lactic acid is toxic so we need to break it down, we break it down using oxygen so we still need to breathe deeply after anaerobic respiration

52
Q

What happens when your diaphragm goes down

A

Your lungs inflate; the volume of your diaphragm gets larger and the pressure decreases so air enter the lungs to equal out the pressure

Biology- Year 9 (3 decks)

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