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HKR 2311 > Unit 3 - Articular System > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

joint is an immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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2
Q

joint is a slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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3
Q

joint is a freely movable joint

A

Diarthosis

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4
Q

Synarthroses

Four major types:

A

Suture: Located in the bones of the skull
Gomphosis: Connection between a tooth and its socket
Synchondrosis: Epiphyseal cartilage in long bones
Synostosis: Are totally immovable joints

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5
Q

Amphiarthroses

Two major types:

A

Syndesmosis: A ligament band connecting bones (tibia and fibula or ulnar and radius)
Symphysis: Bones are separated by a wedge or a pad of fibrocartilage (pubis and intervertebral discs)

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6
Q

Located in the bones of the skull

A

suture

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7
Q

Connection between a tooth and its socket

A

gomphosis

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8
Q

Epiphyseal cartilage in long bones

A

Synchondrosis

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9
Q

Are totally immovable joints

A

Synostosis

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10
Q

A ligament band connecting bones (tibia and fibula or ulnar and radius)

A

Syndesmosis

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11
Q

Bones are separated by a wedge or a pad of fibrocartilage (pubis and intervertebral discs)

A

Symphysis

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12
Q

The components that make up a synovial joint are:

A 
Fibrous articular capsule
    Synovial cavity
    Synovial membrane
    Haversian fat pads
    Articular (hyaline) cartilage
    Ligaments
    Tendons
    Bursae
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13
Q

The synovial membrane contains ____ and ______ which make up the synovial fluid.

A

phagotic cells and B cells

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14
Q

A joint that allows movement in only one axis is called

A

Monaxial.

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15
Q

A joint that allows movement in along two different axes is called

A

Biaxial.

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16
Q

A joint that permits a combination of angular movement and rotation is called

A

Triaxial or Multiaxial.

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17
Q

synovial joints can be classified as

A

liding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, or ball-and-socket.

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18
Q

Range of Motion is restricted by:

A

Skeletal Structures
Ligaments
Muscles

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19
Q

is a rigid structure, such as a bone, that moves at a fixed point called a fulcrum.

A

lever

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20
Q

There are three classes of levers found in the human body:

A

1) First-Class Lever: The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance (e.g triceps insertion at the elbow)
2) Second-Class Lever: The resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. plantar flexors inserion at the ankle)
3) Third-Class Lever: A force is applied between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. biceps insertion at the elbow)

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21
Q

The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance (e.g triceps insertion at the elbow)

A

first class lever

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22
Q

The resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. plantar flexors inserion at the ankle)

A

Second-Class Lever

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23
Q

A force is applied between the applied force and the fulcrum (e.g. biceps insertion at the elbow)

A

third class level

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24
Q

Attaches the vertebral bodies to each other

A

Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments

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25
Q

Connects the vertebral arches (laminae) of adjacent vertebrae

A

Ligamentum Flava

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26
Q

Connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebral

A

Interspinous Ligaments

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27
Q

Cross over and attaches the ends of the spinous processes

A

Supraspinous Ligaments

28
Q

Monaxial and allows flexion and extension

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

29
Q

Monaxial and pivot joint, allowing rotation.

A

Atlanto-axial joint

30
Q

Attaches the dens to the foramen magnum area

A

Alar Ligament

31
Q

Attaches the heads of ribs to the vertebral bodies (costovertebral, diarthrosis)
Attaches cartilage to the sternum (sternocostal)

A

Radiate Ligaments

32
Q

attaches the necks of ribs to the transverse processes of the vertebrae (costovertebral)

A

Costotransverse ligaments

33
Q

A diarthrosis joint

A

Sternoclavicular Joint

Sternoclavicular Ligament
34
Q

A synarthrosis joint

A

Coracoclavicular Joint

Coracoclavicular Ligament
35
Q

A diarthrosis joint

A

Acromioclavicular Joint

Acromioclavicular Ligament
36
Q

A multiaxial, ball-and-socket joint.

A

shoulder joint

37
Q

Shoulder Joint: A multiaxial, ball-and-socket joint.

Components involved include:

A 
Glenohumenal Ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Coracoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenoid labrum: deepens the socket
Rotator Cuff Muscles: support joint and limit the range of motion
38
Q

Acts as a secondary socket to the shoulder joint

A

Coracoacromial Arch

39
Q

Coracoacromial Arch: Acts as a secondary socket to the shoulder joint
Components involved include:

A

Coracoacromial Ligament

Subacromial bursa: Reduces supraspinatus friction

40
Q

Elbow Joint: Is a monoaxial, hinge joint

Components involved include:

A

ollateral Ligaments: Ulnar and radial
Annular Ligament: Binds the radial head to the ulna
Subcutaneous bursae: Under-lying the olecranon process

41
Q

Is a monoaxial, hinge joint

A

elbow joint

42
Q

A monaxial joint that provides rotation

A

Radio-Ulnar Joint:

43
Q

Radio-Ulnar Joint: A monaxial joint that provides rotation

A

Annular Ligament

Interosseous membrane: A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the ulnar and radius

44
Q

A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the ulnar and radius

A

Interosseous membrane

45
Q

A ellipsoidal, biaxial joint

A

Radiocarpal Joint (wrist):

Collateral Ligaments
46
Q

A diarthrosis joint

A

Midcarpal Joint

47
Q

are biaxial except for specialization at the thumb which is a multiaxial, saddle joint

A

Carpometacarpal Joints

48
Q 
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (knuckles):
Components involved include:
A

Palmar Ligaments: Reduces tendon friction
Transverse Liaments: Binds metacarpal heads
Collateral ligaments: Helps us to make a fist

49
Q

Reduces tendon friction

A

Palmar Ligaments

50
Q

Binds metacarpal heads

A

Transverse Liaments

51
Q

Helps us to make a fist

A

Collateral ligaments

52
Q

Are monaxial hinge joints

A

Interphalangeal Joints

53
Q

Interphalangeal Joints: Are monaxial hinge joints

Components involved include:

A

Palmar Ligaments

Collateral Ligaments

54
Q

Sacroiliac Joint: The anterior portion is diarthrosis, and the posterior portion is synarthrosis
Components involved include:

A

Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament

Iliolumbar Ligament

55
Q

The joint is formed by fibrocartilage

A

Symphysis Pubis

56
Q

Hip Joint: Is a multiaxial, ball-and-socket joint

Components involved include:

A

Acetabular Labrum: Increases the depth of the joint cavity
Transverse Ligament of the Acetabulum: Fills the gap in the inferior border
Iliofemoral Ligament: Reinforce the articular capsule
Ischiofemoral Ligament: Reinforce the articular capsule
Pubofemoral Ligament: Reinforce the articular capsule
Head Ligament or Ligamentum Teres: Tense when hip is flexed or undergoes lateral rotation

57
Q

Knee Joint: Is a monaxial, hinge joint

Components involved include:

A

Medial and Lateral Meniscus: Acts as a cushion, that conforms to the articulating surface and provides stability
Anterior Cruciate Ligaments: Prevents anterior dislocation of tibia
Posterior Cruciate ligaments: Prevents posterior dislocation of tibia
Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments: Reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee
Bursae: Reduces the friction

58
Q

Acts as a cushion, that conforms to the articulating surface and provides stability

A

Medial and Lateral Meniscus:

59
Q

Prevents anterior dislocation of tibia

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligaments

60
Q

Prevents posterior dislocation of tibia

A

Posterior Cruciate ligaments

61
Q

Reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee

A

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments

62
Q

Reduces the friction

A

Bursae

63
Q

Tibiofibular Joint: Is a syndesmosis joint

Components involved include:

A

Interosseus Membrane: A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the tibia and fibula
Interosseous tibofibular ligaments: Provide distal support

64
Q

A fibrous connective tissue membrane between the shafts of the tibia and fibula

A

Interosseus Membrane

65
Q

Provide distal support

A

Interosseous tibofibular ligaments

66
Q 
Talocural Joint (ankle): Is a monaxial, hinge joint
Components involved include:
A 
Talofibular Ligament (weaker ligaments: lateral side)
Calcaneofibular Ligament (weaker ligaments: lateral side)
Deltoid Ligament (strongest ligament: medial side)
Posterior Transverse Tibiofibular Ligament

HKR 2311 (3 decks)

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