Unit 1 Flashcards
bones, cartilage and joints
skeletal system
skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
muscular system
peripheral nervous system
nervous system
heart, blood vessels and blood
cardiovascular system
lungs and airways
respritory system
skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands
integumentary system
ductless glands
endocrine system
spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and vesicles
lymphatic system
stomach and intestines
digestive system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
urinary system
tests, ovaries and passageways
reproductive system
Surfaces or parts of a bone that are toward the head (anterior) are called
cranial
Portions or surfaces that are toward the tail (posterior) are called
caudal
towards front
anterior/ventral
towards back
posterior/dorsal
There are three primary planes of movement. These include:
1) frontal plane
2) transverse plane
3) sagittal plane
vertical plane which passes from anterior to posterior, dividing the body into right and left halves
sagittal plane
(also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or transaxial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes
transverse plane
is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.
frontal plane (coronal plane)
The axis around which the body or its segments turn while moving in the frontal plane is called the bodys
anteroposterior axis
intersects the transverse plane
longitudinal axis
intersects the sagittal plane
mediolateral axis
decreasing the angle of the joint
bending the joint
flexion
increasing the angle of the joint
straightening the joint
extension
moving a body part in a superior direction
elevation
moving a bod part in an interior direction
depression
moving a limb away from the centre line (medial line) of the body
abduction
moving a limb towards the centre line (medial line) of the body
adduction
rotating a limb away from the centre line (medial line) of the body
lateral rotation
rotating a limb towards the medial line of the body
medial rotation
rotating the forearm so that the palm faces down if the forearm is flexed.
pronation
rotating the forearm so that the pal faces up if the forearm is extended
supination
posterior movement (towards the back of the body) of the arm at the shoulder
retraction
anterior movement (towards the front of the body) of the arm at the shoulder
protraction
decreasing the angle of the ankle joint
dorsiflexion
increasing the angle of the ankle joint
plantarflexion
the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane
eversion
the movement of the sole towards the median plane
inversion
the circular movement of a limb
circumduction
hand deformity in which the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints (the big knuckles at the base of the fingers) causes the fingers to become displaced, tending towards the little finger.
ulnar deviation
fingers are displaced toward the radius
radial deviation
four basic types of tissues that exist in the human body are:
1) epithelial tissue
2) connective tissue
3) muscle tissue
4) neural tissue
skin, lining of internal passages, and form glands
epithelial tissue
fills internal spaces, provides structural support, transports materials, and stores energy reserves
connective tissue
contract to allow movement
muscle tissue
carries electrical information throughout the body
neural tissue
There are three forms of simple and stratified epithelial tissue:
1) squamous
2) cuboidal
3) columnar
Epithelial tissue also provides a variety of functions that includes
absorption secretion transport excretion protection sensory
There are three basic types of connective tissue:
1) Proper divided into loose and dense connective tissue
2) Fluid
3) Supporting
type of connective tissue that includes areolar, adipose and reticular tissues
loose connective tissue
type of connective tissue that includes tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments, cartilage, bones and teeth
dense fibrous connective tissue
type of connective tissue that includes blood and lymph
fluid connective tissue
type of connective tissue that includes hyaline, elastic, and a fibrocartilage and bone
Supporting connective tissue
There are three types of muscle tissue:
1) skeletal muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) smooth muscle
two basic types of neural tissue
1) neurons
2) neuroglia (glial cells)
