unit 3 ap history Flashcards
how did European monarchies gain power
the end of the medieval period
what did the printing press do for Europe?
more literacy, increase in development economically, and centralization
examples of monarchies emerging in the 1500s due to the desire of centralized power, who controlled taxes, army, and religion
england: the tudors
france: the valois
spain: queen Isabella and king ferdinand
monarchs used their new wealth and power to
-fund overseas explorations
-establish color
as the bureaucracies increase in europe,…
middle class grew in power
lords and churches in europe began to
lose power
england and the tudors religion
divine right of kings
england and the tudors bureaucracy
justices of the peace, parliment, english bill of rights, leads to growing power for middle class and decrease in power for feudalism/lords
france religion
divine right of the monarchy
france centralization
under louis Xlll and cardinal richelieu: intendants collected taxes
france absolutism
under louis XlV: king has complete authority, combines lawmaking and justice system together
where did louis the XlV build the palace in versailles
france
why did louis the XlV build the palace in versailles
to keep the nobles there to stop them from plotting against him
europe protestant reformation
reforming the church
lutheranism
martin luther proposes 95 theses, or 95 reforms to church due to corruption(ex. indulgences)
calvinism
john calvin broke with the church, with the idea that simplicity,hard work ethic, obedience was favored by god. led to several groups based on calvinism, including huguenots in France and purtians in england
anglicanism
king henry Vlll of England wanted to divorce his wife because she would only bear him daughters. the people refused to allow him to diverse and marry anne boleyn, so henry Vlll creates his own church free of the pope
counter reformation aka
response of the roman catholic church to reform and rebellion by protestant groups
inquisition
to root out and punish nonbelievers increased
jesuits
created to spread missionary activity into spanish empire, japan, and india
council of trent
corrected some of the corrupt practices of the church but also pushed back against protestantism, banning their books
what country as ivan the terrible from
russia
what did ivan the terrible do?
-expanded border of russia eastward, taking more land from the mongol control
-gained control of the volga river; now can trade with persia and the ottoman empire without worrying about mongols
how did ivan the terrible
he used a lot of gunpowder and using groups of warrior peasants
where did ivan the terribe move the boyars(nobles) and why
-moscow
-to intimidate them and prevent them from plotting
what did the ming dynasty do for east asia
-exanded the mongolian territory and restored the great wall
japan used daimyo to
govern japan
china had a lot of ___ under the yuan dynasty
mongol influence
the ming dynasty brought back the
civil service exam
in china under the qing dynasty, the bureaucracy
became corrupt, leading to rebellion; government turns to harsh military control
japan military leaders first ruled under
shoguns
the conflict between daimyo and their samurai armies led to
instability
daimyo
landowning aristocrats
who was tamerlane
-mongol-turkic ruler
how did the ottoman empire expand
mehmed ll: took constantiople, renamed it istanbul, focused on areas around black sea and balkans, using cannons and navy. almost took venice but established a tribute with Italy
suleiman l: took parts of hungary, Austria, greece, and tripoli
what empire took constantinope and renamed it istanbul
ottoman
what made the safavids have trouble expanding
-had no real navy and lacked natural defences, so difficult to expand
mughal empire under akbar
expansion of trade leads to wealth and golden age of empire
devshirme system
ottoman empire; yound christian boys that were taught to be scribes, diplomats, bodyguards, and militia for the sultan
janissaries
elite forces in ottoman empire
what did akbar do for the Mughal empire
-extended empire and defeated competing militias
-used centralized government and civil service
-paid government officials called zamindars
who were zamindars and what empire were they in
mughal empire; paid government officials that did taxation, construction, and water supply
shah jahan
part of the mughal empire; created the taj mahal as a tomb for his wife
shi’a islam in the safavid empire was used as a ___ allowing shahs to control religion and political structure
unifying force
what was the ottomans religion and were they tolerant of other religions
sunni islam, tolerant of religions
what was the safavid empires religion
shi’a islam, no tolerance
gunpowder empires were
large states that relied on fire arms to control land
list the gunpowder empires
-russia
-ottomans
-safavid
-mughal
methods of consolidation power
-taxation
-military
-religion
bureaucracy
group of government officials who carries out the will of those in power
safavid leader
ishmal
what caused the fall of the gunpowder empires
-failed to modernize economy and military
absolutism
monarchical system
indulgences
selling of the absolution for sin
jesuit missionaries
created to spread missionary activity into spanish empire, japan, and india
