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Unit 3 & 4 Psychology > Unit 3 AOS 1 Psych (Nervous system) > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 1 Psych (Nervous system) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main sub- divisions of the human nervous system

A
  • Central nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
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2
Q

What are the main divisions of the Central nervous system. (CNS definition)

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Consists of the brain and spinal cord. The main function is to process the information sent to it by the body’s internal and external environment
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3
Q

What are the main sub- divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS definition)

A
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
  • The PNS is all the nerves outside of the brain that works in a system. These nerves can carry/ transmit information between CNS and the body’s muscles, organs, glands ect.
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4
Q

What are the main sub- divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
  • Enteric nervous system -
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5
Q

What does the Autonomic nervous system do

A

Connects the CNS to internal organs and glands; self regulating

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6
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do

A

Carries messages from sensory receptors in the body to thr CNS and motor messages from the CNS to skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

Preparis the body for action/ deal with stressful situation (Activates internal organs)

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8
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

Works to maintain a normal state of function (Homostatus) It works to restore the body back to its normal state

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9
Q

What does the enteric nervous system do

A

Dedicated to the functioning od the gastrointestinal (digestive) track. This includes
- Guts and intestine muscle movements
-production of gastric acid
- Change of blood flow
signaling diarrhea when food poisoning

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10
Q

What are some types of neurons

A
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Explain what sensory and motor neurones do when you pick up a hot cup of coffee

A

1.The sensory receptors detect the heat from the cup which is sent to the sensory neurone
2.sensory neurons carry info to the spinal cord
3. Interneurons in the spinal cord receive info and immediately relay message to the motor neuron
4. Motor neuron carry message to relevant muscle and the muscle reacts by moving the hand away

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13
Q

What are interneurons

A

Interneurons carry messages between the sensory and motor neurones. Interneurons are only found in the CNS when sensory info arrives at the spinal cord.

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14
Q

What is the spinal reflex (also referred as reflex arc or withdrawal right)

A

An unconscious involuntary and automatic response to certain stimuli that doesn’t require involvement of the brain.

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15
Q

How do neurons communicate

A

Neurons communicate with a method called neural synapse (synapse) This is when the terminal button of one pre synaptic neuron then the dendrites of the post synaptic neuron receive the neurotransmitter and pass it on. (The space between is the synaptic gap

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16
Q

What is the synaptic gap

A

The space between the pre synaptic neuron and post synaptic neuron in the process of synapse

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17
Q

What is a neurotransmitter

A

A chemical substance produced by a neuron that carries a specific message to other neurons or cells in the muscle organs or other issues

18
Q

What are excitatory neurotransmitters

A

A type of neurotransmitter that stimulates or activates post synaptic neurons to preform their functions. In other words they make them more likely to respond to the neurotransmitter received

19
Q

What is glutamate

A

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS. enhances information’s transmission by making post synaptic neurons more likely to respond

20
Q

What are inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Neurotransmitters that block or prevent the postsynaptic neuron from responding (Usually occurs after a traumatic experience and your brain what’s the block that experience out)

21
Q

What is Gamma- ammino buyric- acid (GABA)

A

Is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Works throughout the brain to keep neural activity at optimal level

22
Q

Define neuromodulator

A

Are neurotransmitters that can influence the effectives of other neurotransmitters

23
Q

What is Dopamine

A

A neuromodulator that can have excitatory and inhibitory effects

it can be associated with reward based learning, appetite and addiction.

24
Q

What is serotonin

A

A neuromodulator that only has inhibitory effects. It is regarded as a ‘good’ neuromodulator

It has stabilizing effects and can counterbalance excessive excitatory effects. It also has an important role in mood and anxiety

25
Q

What is synaptic plasticity

A

The ability of a synapse to change in response to experience. More specifically an existed synapse can be strengthened weakened and/or eliminated as a result of how often it is used

26
Q

What is Long term potentiation (LTP)

A

The long lasting strengthening od a synapse due to repeated strong stimulation.

When a synapse is repeated stimulated the post- synaptic neuron will be more sensitive and responsive ti the neurotransmitters released by the pre synaptic neuron. (Basically the more tou preform a motor action or remember something the stronger the memory or action will be

27
Q

What is Long term depression (LTD)

A

Refers to the long lasting decrease in strength of the synaptic connection due to prolong lack of stimulation.

Post synaptic neurons becomes less responsive to the neurotransmitters produced by the pre-synaptic neuron. (use it or lose it) (if a memory is not stimulated often it will eventually be forgotten)

28
Q

What are the 3 actions of a neuron

A
  • Sprouting
  • Rerouting
  • Pruning
29
Q

What is sprouting

A

Additional branch’s can grow from the dendrites of a neuron. This process allows a neuron to reach and communicate with each other nearby (bushier dendrites)

30
Q

What is rerouting

A

A neuron can abandon an existing connection and make a new one with a different neuron

31
Q

What is pruning

A

This is the elimination of the weak, ineffective or unused synapse (Use it or lose it) {related to LTD}

32
Q

What is FFF

A

FFF or the flight fight freeze response is an involuntary physiology response to a stressor that prepares the body for at least one of the behaviors to occur

  • Flight confronts and fights off the threat/ stressor
  • Flight Escape the threat/ stressor by
  • Freeze stay still and silent
33
Q

What is a specific word for not being able to move

A

Tonic- immobility

34
Q

Why does the freeze action exist

A

We don’t know but we believe its because both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are deployed at the same time and the parasympathetic nervous system takes over control

35
Q

What is cortisol

A

A stress hormone with a wide range of functions. It increases sugar/glucose secretion into the bloodstream (i.e energy) enhances the metabolism has anti-inflammatory properties, slow non -essential functions.

36
Q

Benefits and side effects of cortisol

A

Benefits
- Energizing effects persists for a longer duration of time then the energizing effects of adrenaline and nor adrenaline
- Helps regulate blood pressure
- Has anti- inflammatory properties

side effects
- Aches and pain
- Impaired immune system
- Increased vulnerability

37
Q

What is the gut brain axis

A

Is a bidirectional (aka 2 way) networks of neural pathways between the CNS and enteric nervous system. It taps into the immune system and endocrine system

38
Q

3 stages of the GAS model

A
  1. Alarm reaction
    - Shock
    - counter shock
  2. Resistance
  3. Exhaustion
39
Q

Strength and weaknesses of the GAS model

A

Strengths
- Recognizes that stress weakens the body’s ability to resist infection and illness
- It includes biological process associated with the stress response
Weaknesses
- Assumes everybody has the same general predictable and autonomic response to a stressor ‘one size fits all model
- Devised from research with rats

40
Q

Who invented the transactional model of stress and coping

A

Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman

41
Q
A

Unit 3 & 4 Psychology (5 decks)

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