Mental health Flashcards
The mental health continuum
What is a mental health problem
Involves thoughts, feelings and/or behaviors that disrupt an individual ability to function but only to a limited extent and for a short duration of time
Mental disorder
Involves thoughts feeling and behaviors that significantly impair an individuals ability to function i.e phobia of white rats
Factors to consider when determining mental wellbeing
- Level of functioning which refers to the ability to live independently and handle everyday demands and challenges such as
- self care
- school and work
- Setting goals - Resilience which refers to the ability to successfully cop with a manage/ adapt to change and uncertainty, Our resilience is the product of a range of personal skills traits, expectation, prior experience, social connection and support ect
- Social and emotional wellbeing
What is social and emotional wellbeing
Social wellbeing- refers to the ability to form and maintain relationships with others strong social wellbeing helps individuals gain confidence and interact positively with others
Emotional wellbeing - Refers to the control and expression of emotions, a person with high levels of emotional wellbeing will be able to regulate their emotions expressing positive and negative emotions at appropriate times, 2 are usually used together
The SEWB framework
Is widely referred to when discussing and reflecting on the mental welbeing of Abos and Torres straight islanders people this is also common for migrants and refugees, it consists of 7 interacting dimensions and 3 determinates that can impact social and emotional wellbeing
Its done to remind us that A &TSI is impacted by various scoaicl opportunitys social resources and historical events
What are risk factors
Risk factors increas the likelihood of experience mental health problem and/or can make it more severe and long lasting
Precipitation- Involves the onset and/or reappearance of a mental health problem
Perpetuation- Is prolonging the problem and inhibiting recovery
What are protective factors
Can prevent occurrences and/or reduce the severity of the issue
A list of biological protective factors
- Adequate nutritional intake
- Hydration
- Adequate sleep
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explain adequate nutritional intake, hydrations and adequate sleep
Adequate Nutrional intake means eating a good amount and variety of different foods, its not about the amount of calories but the vitamins, minerals, carbs and proteins that our bodys need to function
Hydrations Strive to drink 8 cups with the body being 60% water which is needed to maintain a good physical and psychological health
Adequate sleep- Sleep is an opportunity to repair replenish resources that were depleted during the day and changing neural pathways, uninterrupted REM and nREM sleep beware of affective behavioral cognitive effects of sleep deprivation
A list of psychological factors
- Cognitive behavioural activities
- Mindfulness meditation
A list of social protective factors
- Support from family friends and the community
2.Cultural determination
What is the psychological protective factor of mindfulness meditation
Refers to where an individual focuses on current sensations, feelings and thoughts WITHOUT interpretation or judgement
A quiet room, good posture and being comfortable is need for the session to be affective
Mindfulness meditation sessions are opportunity’s for people to relax tense muscles, lowered blood pressure and slowing racing thoughts and it can help somebody identify the stressor and let go of the stressor
What is the psychological protective factor of cognitive behavioral activities
The activities listed can be effective in preventing, managing and/or removing a mental health problem
Efficient cognitive activities
1. Identification and correction of misconception
2. Replacing negative thoughts with more positive ones
3. Adopting a growth mindset
Efficient behavioral activities
- Exercise
- Relaxation
- Honest conversations
- Mindfulness meditation
What is the social protective factor of support from families and friends
Social support refers to the assistance, care and comfort provided by one person to another. It is obtained when we interact with others, this can also be done via ‘virtually communication.
Talking to somebody can enable individuals to better understand there their illness and express there frustrations and find realistic Soulutions to whatever is on there mind Also is a effective coping strategy
What is the social protective factor of cultural determination
Refers to the way of life of a group of people that sets it apart from other groups. It includes
- Cultural continuity- Involves the preservation of culture over time, this helps abos and TSA keep a sense of identity
2.Self determination- Is the right to control ones political status and freely pursue ones cultural social and economic developments.
What is a specific phobia and the key characteristics
Is a persistent and irrational fear of a particular object, situation or event.
- The fear experienced is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by a object
- Exposure causes immediate and significant distress
- Object is actively avoided
- Even thought of the feared stimulus is enough to cause anxiety and/or distress
The definition of
- Anxiety
- Stress
- Phobia
Anxiety- Is a state of arousal involving feeling apprehensive uneasiness and worry something unpleasant will happen
Stress-Is a psychological response produced by internal or external stressors
Phobia- Is a persistent and irrational fear of a particular object situation or event
(All states can involve the FFF response, be linked to the GAS model of stress and coping and involve similar symptoms)
What is the biological risk factor of GABA dysfunction
GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, and works throughout the brain to inhibits the activation of the postsynaptic
GABA dysfunction is where the neurons fail to produce release and/or receive adequate amounts of GABA, which can be due to the CNS damage, prolonged stress, B6 deficiency and high caffeine intake
What are all of the biological risk factors
- GABA dysfunction
- Long term potentiation
What is the biological risk factor of long lasting potentiation
Refers to the long lasting strengthening od a synapse through repeated and strong stimulation. It leads to Maintenace and creation of strong neural pathways between phobic response and fear response, the more the pathway is strengthened then the quicker and stronger the fear response will be. THEREFORE LTP CAN STRENGTHEN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A PHOBIA STIMULUS AND A FEAR OR ANXIETY RESPONSE THOUGH ITS ACTIVITY AT THE SYNAPSE
List all psychological risk factors
- Perception by classical conditioning
- Perpetration by operant conditioning
- Memory bias
- Catastrophic thinking
What is the social risk factor of precipitation by classical conditioning
Many people acquire their phobia through classical conditioning in these cases the phobic stimulus (NS) was presented alongside another stimulus (UCS) that naturally triggers a fear response (UCR) in time the phobic stimulus (CS) was/will be able to trigger the fear response (CR) on its own
What is the psychological risk factor of permutation by operant conditioning
Phobias are often maintained through operant conditioning the consequences of reinforcement accounts for why behavior of avoidance may continue
Avoidance can reduce or remove the unpleasant feeling of fear and anxiety and so avoidance is likely to persist (negative reinforcement) we also need to keep in mind that the attention reassurance and treats gained when upset can encourage fear behavior to be repeated (positive reinforcement)
What is the psychological risk factor of memory bias
Refers to the distorting influence of present knowledge beliefs and feelings on the recollection of previous experiences
It can cause us to recall negative memories for more quickly and frequently than other positive or neural memories. They can also cause aspects of the memory to be exaggerated or inaccurate for example individuals with specific phobias of spiders tend to fixate on there negative memories
What is the psychological risk factor of cataphoric thinking
Refers to the thinking style that involves overestimating exaggerating or magnifying an object or situation and predicting the worst possible outcome
List all of the social risk factors
- Specific Enviromental triggers
- Stigma around seeking treatment
What is the social risk factor of specific environmental triggers
Many can attribute the cause of phobic stimulus to a single traumatic event and/or environemt when they were young
What is the social risk factor of stigma around seeking treatment
A stigma is a disapproval amongst the community of a particular characteristic belief or behavior
List interventions and treatment for specific phobias
- Use of benzodiazepine agents
- Breathing retraining
Cognitive behavioral therapy - Systematic decentralization
what are the 2 biological interventions/ treatments for specific phobias
- Use of benzodiazepine agents
Benzodiazepines are a group of drugs that target GABA receptor sites on the post synaptic neuron and increase there sensation to GABA. therefore leading people to being relaxed
Benzodiazepines are only available through prescription and typically tablet form usually known as sedatives, tranquilizers and depressants
- Breathing retraining
Involves learning how to maintain correct breathing habits and/or correcting abnormal breathing patterns when exposed to phobic stimulus
Taught to establish slow regular breathing through the nose and out the mouth which can lead to avoiding panic attacks
what are the 2 psycho interventions/ treatments for specific phobias
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
CBT is where individual participants in a collection of cognitive and behavioral activities to manage and/or treat their mental health problem
