Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Global Politics 3/4 > Unit 3 AOS 1: Key Knowledge > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 1: Key Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Aims of States

A
  • To achieve its national interests (national security, economic prosperity, regional relationships, international standing)
  • To maintain its sovereignty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Roles of States

A

To meet the needs of citizens and provide:
- Security
- Freedom
- Order
- Justice
- Welfare
Fragile states: do not provide for their citizens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Power of States

A
  • Its sovereignty (its authority over its borders free from external interference)
  • Can be military, economic, political, diplomatic, cultural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aims of the UN

A
  • Maintain international peace and security
  • To recognise, promote and uphold the fundamental human rights of all people
  • To develop friendly relations among nations on principles of equal rights and self determination
  • Help facilitate international cooperation in the spheres of social, economic and cultural development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Roles of the UN

A
  • Maintaining peace through mediation and arbitration of disputes (ICJ), deployment of peacekeeping forces, authorizing military action or sanctions (UNSC)
  • Provide funding, personnel and resources to address global issues like poverty (WFP), education, human rights, cultural and social development and protection (UNESCO), refugees (UNHCR), etc
  • Facilitating dialogue and open, transparent discussion between states on issues of mutual concern (UNGA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Powers of the UN

A
  • United Nations Security Council (UNSC) can issue binding resolutions on member states
  • Establishing peacekeeping operations, deploy peacekeepers to conflict zones
  • Enacting GA resolutions to provide consensus on global issues
  • Article 42 of the Charter permits “any action… as may be necessary to restore international peace or security
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Limitations to powers of the UN

A
  • Veto power of the P5 members of the UNSC
  • Relies on member states for soldiers and funding
  • GA resolutions are non-binding
  • UN must respect the sovereignty of member-states, and relies on them to enforce sanctions and ratify treaties
  • ICJ rulings can be refunded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aims of the IMF

A
  • Reduce global poverty
  • Promote economic growth
  • Ensure the stability of the international monetary system (system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries to transact with each other)
  • To provide resources to member states experiencing balance of payment difficulties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Roles of the IMF

A
  • Capacity development: providing assistance, policy advice and training
  • Conditional lending to member states who are struggling with balance-of-payment difficulties
  • Overseeing economic development through economic surveillance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Powers of the IMF

A
  • Can provide states hit by crises with financial support to create breathing room as they implement adjustment policies to restore economic stability and growth
  • Can provide precautionary financing advice to help prevent economic crisis
  • Conditional nature of loans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Limitations to power of IMF

A
  • Voting power in the IMF corresponds to the amount of money a state contributes (results in disparate levels of influence within the organisation)
  • Role in surveillance can only be effective if states are willing to implement its suggestions
  • The IMF have a ‘one size fits all’ approach to economic policy (fails to take into account different types of economies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aims of the ICC

A
  • To hold those responsible for the worst atrocities (eg. genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity) accountable for their crimes
  • Assist national judiciaries in investigating and prosecuting the worst perpetrators
  • Help promote international peace and security by deterring future would-be perpetrator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Roles of the ICC

A
  • Investigates and prosecutes those responsible for grave offenses such as genocide and war crimes
  • Provides justice for victims of the worst atrocities by providing rehabilitation and court-ordered reparations (through the Trust Fund for Victims – 80,000 current beneficiaries)
  • Offers assistance to countries with underdeveloped judicial institutions
  • To act as a court of last resort that can bring to account those charged with atrocity crimes
  • To deter would be criminals from committing atrocity crimes and offer rehabilitation to those found guilt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Powers of the ICC

A
  • Can exercise its jurisdiction within the bounds of the 123 states that have ratified the Rome Statue
  • ICC can enforce a case from a non-member state if the individual is referred to them from the UNSC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Limitations to power of ICC

A
  • Many states have not ratified the Rome Statute (including Russia, China and the US) – and a UNSC referral is unlikely
  • The ICC relies on their member states to carry out arrests, and states cannot follow ICC commands.
  • Only when national courts are unable or unwilling to properly deal with war crimes can the ICC step in to take over (complementarity)
  • The court is not retroactive so it can only hear cases on matters that occurred after the Rome treaty entered into force
  • If states renounce their participation in the Rome statute, the capacity to challenge sovereignty is limited

Criticisms:
- Established in 2002, during its 20-year tenure the court has only been able to achieve a mere 10 convictions and has heard 30 cases in total
- During its first twelve years, had only investigated and tried alleged war criminals from the African continent. By 2014, two warlords from Congo were the first convictions ever made by the ICC at the cost of over $1 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aims of MSF

A
  • To maintain neutrality and impartiality in the name of universal medical ethics in order to provide full and unhindered freedom in care for those in need
  • Offer medical humanitarian assistance to people based solely on need, irrespective of race, religion, gender, or political affiliation
  • To provide humanitarian assistance and aid to populations in distress from natural, man-made disasters and armed conflict
17
Q

Roles of MSF

A
  • Providing humanitarian assistance and aid for those in crises zones
18
Q

Power of MSF

A
  • Can they achieve their aims? (ability to achieve their aims)
  • Neutrality (allows them to operate freely without taking sides)
19
Q

Limitations to power of MSF

A
  • When states assert their sovereignty that hinders the access and operations of MSF, therefore limiting their medical impact
20
Q

Aims of Amnesty

A
  • To ensure every person can have their human rights respected as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • To influence the actions of (predominantly) states to reform policy in compliance
21
Q

Roles of Amnesty

A
  • To campaign internationally to prevent the violation of people’s human rights
22
Q

Powers of Amnesty

A
  • Investigate human rights abuses
  • Lobby governments
  • Mobilise supporters
23
Q

Limitations to power of Amnesty

A
  • Lack of funding can impact their operations
  • States can blatantly ignore Amnesty and their activism
24
Q

Aims of Samsung

A
  • To generate and maximize profit for its shareholders + return dividends to shareholders
  • Promote and expand its market share of technology products and services globally
25
Q

Roles of Samsung

A
  • To provide cheap goods and services in countries where it has a presence
  • Provide jobs to approx. 320,000 people worldwide
  • Be a global corporate citizen
26
Q

Powers of Samsung

A
  • Economic power (contribute to 20% of South Koreas’ GDP)
  • Technological power by providing services, infrastructure/technology and communications for consumers in states around the world (In 2020, 1.35 billion smartphones sold and in 2022, provide 51,000 air purifiers to Victorian classrooms in 2022)
27
Q

Samsung challenging sovereignty

A

Economic sovereignty
- Samsung accounts for 20% of South Korea’s
Example: In 2016, Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 which was recalled due to reports of it catching on fire. As Samsung contributes to 20% of South Korea’s economy, this recall caused a loss for Samsung’s revenue (approximately at a cost of $6.2 billion) and consequently weakened South Korea’s economy.

Sovereign decision-making
- Influence of Samsung executives in South Korea
Example: In 2017, Samsung’s Vice Chairman Lee Jae-Yong was sentenced to five years in prison after being convicted of bribing former South Korean president, Park Geun-hye. Other charges included embezzlement, hiding assets overseas and perjury.

28
Q

Amnesty International - Case Study

A
  • Indirectly challenge the authority of a state
  • Amnesty can influence the population in a state which could be seen as an internal challenge to the state’s sovereignty (positive response by the public to their campaigns)
  • The population and Amnesty International can pressure a state to change their policy

Example: In February 2016, A child know as ‘baby Asha’ was receiving treatment at Brisbane’s Lady Cilento Hospital. After this, she was due to be sent back to Nauru according to a new High Court ruling that changed longstanding policy that refugees who had reached Australia, would be kept on shore for processing. This sparked a campaign with the support of Amnesty International known as #LetThemStay with protests across Australia (challenging Australia’s internal sovereignty). The Doctors and staff of the hospital also refused to discharge Asha due to harsh living conditions in Nauru. In response, the Australian Government agreed to put Asha in an onshore community detention centre.

29
Q

MSF - Case Study

A

Conflict in Ukraine (2022 – Present)
- MSF has played a role in providing humanitarian aid and assistance to those affected by and involved in Russia and Ukraine conflict
- Aid has involved providing medical supplies to hospitals, cold weather items (sleeping bags, warm clothes, tents) to displaced people, setting up mobile clinics where significant numbers of people have gathered (eg. Hungary birder)
- Other assistance included mass casualty training and hands-on-war-surgery training

  • Indirectly challenge authority
  • As MSF provide medical services and aid which would be expected by the government (state) to provide, it can display the weakness of states
30
Q

IMF - Case Study

A

Challenges to Sovereignty:
- The conditions a part of the IMF’s loans can challenge the sovereignty of states
- The conditions dictate to states about their economic policies (economic sovereignty)

Example: Greece
 The IMF and the European Central Bank assisted Greece to recover from economic instability
 Greece received three bailouts in 2010, 2012, 2015
 These came with austerity measures (strict economic policies implemented by a government to reduce government spending and public debt)
 Some measures included the layoff of public servants, wage cuts and tax reforms

31
Q

Sovereignty - Regional Groupings

A

Eg. The European Union (EU)

Power:
- Power to legislate (EU laws supersede domestic laws)
- Power of supervision (EU monitors and reports on democratic practices by other European institutions)
- Power of the purse (EU spends on programs and funds member states)

Challenges:
- Exporting a European culture has seen backlash from states (Euroscepticism)
- Political differences may see the supranational nature of EU institutions challenged by domestic state governments

Case Study: Greece
- The European Union challenging the economic sovereignty of Greece in 2015

Case Study: Brexit
- Brexit is an example of the EU not being able to challenge the UK’s state sovereignty in 2020

32
Q

Sovereignty - Contested Borders

A
  • State sovereignty is represented by its borders and where it ends, so does its sovereignty
  • When two or more states contest a border, this may be a source of conflict

Case Study: Russian Invasion of Ukraine
• In February 2022, Vladimir Putin ordered an invasion of Ukraine with some 190,000 troops
• Putin labelled the invasion a “special military operation” based on the pretext of protecting irredentist enclaves of Russian-speaking peoples, to protest the expansion of NATO since 1997, and to undermine Ukrainian sovereignty.
Irredentism refers to the policy of restoring former territory of a country to that country. It often relies on claims to protect an ethnic people living in the borders of another country.
• Prior to the invasion, Russia recognised two breakaway regions of Ukraine – the Donetsk and Luhansk people’s republics, undermining Ukrainian sovereignty

33
Q

Sovereignty - Multilateral Resolutions

A

Case Study: Climate Change
Crisis - Global Warming
• Release of greenhouse gases since the industrial revolution have seen anthropogenic climate change occur with general warming of the planet
• Impacts include extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, acidification of oceans
• Given the impacts occur worldwide, the issue transcends state borders in both causes and consequences
Paris Climate Agreement
• Organised by the United Nations in 2014, in an effort to coordinate the multilateral efforts of states to address climate change (195 signatories)
• It sets the long-term goal of keep the increase of global warming below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and keep temperatures below 1.5°C
• States set NDCs which are their climate targets
• NDCs are reviewed every five years and states must beat their previous NDC goals (Global stocktake)

Challenges to Sovereignty:
- Paris Climate Agreement challenges the US’s sovereignty as according to Trump (“weakens our sovereignty”)
- As a result, in 2017, Donald Trump removed the participation of the US in the Paris Climate Agreement
- Climate change impacts on their economic security (natural disasters)
- An example is the 2021 Californian Wildfires

Global Politics 3/4 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions