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Global Politics Unit 3 & 4 > Unit 3 AOS 1: Global Actors Definitions > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 1: Global Actors Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is diplomacy?

A

The process through which states conduct their foreign policy and engage with one another

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2
Q

What is multilateralism?

A

the idea that multiple states can cooperate and work together.
- System of coordinating relations between 3 or more states, usually in pursuit of a common objective

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3
Q

What is a nation?

A

A community of people who identify with one another based on ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural, or other commonalities, but who do not have sovereign authority over any territory
- A group of people that share common bonds based on culture, language, religion, or history, but who do not have recognised sovereignty over the territory in which they reside.
e.g Kurdish people

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4
Q

what is power?

A

refers to the means, strength or capacity of a global actor to influence the behaviour of other global actors.
- The ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor
e.g hard, soft, economic, military, cultural, diplomatic

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5
Q

What is sovereignty?

A

the concept which establishes the state as the legitimate authority within boundaries
- The legitimate and widely recognised ability to exercise effective control over an area with defined borders

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6
Q

What is a state?

A

Traditional the central actor in global politics, they possess a permanent population, defined territory, and recognised sovereignty.
-A group with widely recognized sovereignty over a permanent population within defined territorial boundaries.
e.g Australia

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7
Q

What is a Nation-State?

A

Political-social grouping in which people who have recognised sovereignty over an area within defined territorial bounds also share common bonds based on language, culture and history
e.g Japan

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8
Q

What is Global Governance?

A

Refers to the institutions, rules, norms and legal arrangements the seek to facilitate cooperation and manage relations between states.
- The Instituations, rules, norms and legal arrangments that seek to facilitate cooperation, and manage relations, between states.

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9
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The acceleration and intensification of exchanges of goods, services, labour and capital which promotes global interdependence, facilitated by rapid changes in communications and technology

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10
Q

What is Intergovernmental Organisations?

A

A group of sovereign states who came together, under the guidance of a charter or other agreements, in order to work collectively on specific issues

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11
Q

What is a International Law?

A

Legal agreements based primarily on the consent of states and drawn from treaties between states and customary state practise.

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12
Q

What is a non-state actor?

A

A non-state actor is a global actor that is not a state but still influences global politics. Often this refers to global actors that are not direct part of global governance and international law, such as NGOs, global terrorist movement and/or organised religions.

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13
Q

What is a Transnational Corporation (TNC)?

A

Refers to a company the operations and investments of which extend beyond the boundaries of the state in which it is registered.

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14
Q

What is the United Nations (UN)?

A

is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations

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15
Q

What are the aims of the UN?

A
  • To keep peace throughout the world
  • To develop friendly relations among nations
  • To foster international cooperation in solving
    economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
    problems
  • To promote human rights and fundamental freedom
    for the people of the world
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16
Q

What is the role of the UN?

A
  • The UN discusses and debates international crisis
  • The UN deploys peacekeepers around the world
  • To create and enforce international law
  • To solve international crises
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17
Q

What are the criticism of the UN?

A
  • Large and bureaucratic
    Only as powerful as member states allow it to be
    Funding : voluntary contributions by states. Call for budget reforms. Implications of both??
    UNSC needs reform - in order to take practical action military resources have to be voluntarily contributed
    VETO power of 5 permanent UNSC states can render it powerless
    UNSC not reflective of a modern world in terms of military supremacy or economic power
    Need for greater ties between UNSC and General Assembly
    Non-binding resolutions of GA - little action occurs as a result
    ICJ - states can decide to accept jurisdiction or not - don’t have to partake and can withdraw at any time
    Sovereignty remains the ultimate focus for state
18
Q

What are the 6 main organs of the UN

A
  • The General Assembly,
  • the Security Council,
  • the Economic and Social Council,
  • the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat.
  • the International Court of Justice,
19
Q

What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

A

is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution

20
Q

What is the aim of the IMF?

A
  • To promote international monetary cooperation
  • To facilitate the expansion and growth if trade
  • To make the resources of the Fund temporarily
    available
  • To promote exchange stability
21
Q

What is the role of the IMF?

A
  • To provide loans
  • To monitor economic policies
  • To offer technical assistance
22
Q

What is the power of the IMF?

A
  • Important decisions require a special majority - 85%
    of votes
  • USA holds 17% of voting rights which means they
    can VETO at the IMF and is the only single state able
    to do so
  • 20 have voting rights of more than 1%
23
Q

What is the main functions of the IMF?

A
  • Surveillance
  • Technical Assistance
  • Lending
24
Q

What are the criticisms of the IMF?

A
  • Conditions placed on loans are too intrusive and
    compromise economic and political sovereignty of
    states
  • Policies are passed down to states without any
    consideration to the fact that states have distinctive
    characteristics “blanket approach” - for some states,
    these conditions are difficult to carry out or are
    counter-productive resulting in more problems like
    food shortages. It should not be “one size fits all
    approach”
  • Lack of sequencing of policies, imposed all at once
    eg. privatisation of utilities happens quickly without
    proper planning - often leads to unemployment -
    vicious cycle
  • Lack of public scrutiny, lack of connection to real
    ground day to day in affected countries
25
Q

What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

A

intergovernmental organization and international tribunal

26
Q

What are the aims of the ICC?

A
  • To ensure the worst perpetrators are held
    accountable
  • To serve as a court of last resort
  • To assist national judiciaries in investigating and
    prosecuting the worst perpetrators
  • Help promote international peace and security by
    deterring future would be perpetrators
27
Q

What are the roles of the ICC?

A
  • To enforce the Rome Status
  • To conduct trails
  • To prosecute the perpetrators of serious crimes
28
Q

What are the three Bodies of the ICC?

A
  • Assembly of state parties
  • The Court
    4 organs: Presidency, Judicial divisions, Office of the
    Prosecutor, Registry
  • Trust fund for victims
29
Q

What are the criticisms of the ICC?

A
  • State dissatisfaction - Burundi, Gambia, South Africa have all wanted out at one time or another
    State dissatisfaction - Burundi, Gambia, South Africa have all wanted out at one time or another
    Major Asian powers - India and Indonesia not part of ICC - critical to long-term success
    Court far too removed from victims
    Deferral process for 12 months at a time means process towards peace and reconciliation is stagnated despite the ICC’s desires to be fair and follow due process
    Budgetary constraints - impacts investigations. Funded primarily from member states. Additional funding is provided by voluntary government contributions, international organisations, individuals, corporations, and other entities
30
Q

What is a non-state actor?

A

Organisation that has a significant political influence without being associated with only one state.
They have sufficient power to wield political influence but transcend state boundaries
Don’t belong to one state

31
Q

What are the aims of non-state actors?

A
  • Legal organisations acting as non-state actors is to
    enact changes to global norms
  • Legal organisations is to raise public awareness
    through advertising and information-sharing
    campaigns
32
Q

What are the roles of non-state actors?

A
  • To pursuit their goals. They can do this via lobbying
    IGOs and states, informing and educating the public,
    investigating human rights and other issues
  • Act in response to environmental, human rights,
    gender, humanitairan
33
Q

What is Amnesty International (AI)?

A

is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights

34
Q

What are the aims of AI?

A
  • To promote, defend and protect the human rights of all people as set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and subsequent United Nations conventions and declarations based on the UDHR
  • To encourage, and raise awareness, that every human being possesses rights based on their humanity and that respect for human rights improves people’s lives;
  • To end grave abuses of the human rights of individuals, for example prisoners of conscience, and groups of people experiencing: injustice; poverty; discrimination; torture; cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment; executions; and the indiscriminate killing of civilians;
  • To help those fleeing persecution and conflict and to defend people from violence from state and non-state actors.
35
Q

What is the base?

A

The Base is a neo-Nazi accelerationist paramilitary group and training network

36
Q

What are the aims of the base?

A
  • Start a race war
  • Finish what Hitler started
  • Establish a white ethnic, state
37
Q

What are the roles of the base?

A
  • Training camps
  • Terrorist attacks
  • vandilaised a synagoge (15-23 December 2019)
  • Create cells
38
Q

What are the powers of the base?

A
  • Failed terrorist attacks
  • Global reach
  • Power of fear
  • Outreach to other groups and individuals
39
Q

What is a TNC?

A

is an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services, foreign investments, or income and asset management in more than one country

40
Q

What are the aims of TNCs?

A
  • . Provide goods and services across the globe.
  • Employ significant numbers of employees in
    developed and developing states.
  • To import and export - huge contribution to trade
  • Promote new technologies across state borders
  • maximise profits

Global Politics Unit 3 & 4 (5 decks)

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