UNIT 3 AOS 1 Flashcards
fundamental movement skills, biomechanics, kinematics, levers, newtons laws, movement, coaching, learning, practice,
Sport specific skill
skills that are the basis of all movement in sport
closed motor skills
performed in a predictable environment where the athlete can control variables
open motor skill
performed in an unpredictable environment where the athlete cannot control variables
fine motor skills
involve small muscle groups that produce accurate, precise movements
gross motor skills
involve large muscle groups to produce a forceful movement
serial motor skills
series of planned, discrete skills performed in order
discrete motor skills
skills with a distinct start and finish
continuous motor skill
skills with no distinct beginning or end
biomechanics
study of mechanical principals that govern human movements
kinetics
study of forces that cause motion
kinematics
description of motion
motion
change in position of a body in relation to time
linear motion
motion in a straight line
angular velocity
speed in direction around an axis
moment of inertia
resistance to change in rate of motion
angular momentum
momentum of object around an axis
angular motion
body moving along a circular path
force
a push or pull that causes a change in direction
mass
weight of an object
inertia
The tendency for a body to resist a change in its state of motion, whether that state is at rest or moving with a
constant velocity.
torque
force that tends to cause rotation
momentum
combo of weight and speed
momentum = mass x velocity
impulse
product of force over the time the force acts
Impulse = Force x Time
conservation of momentum
when two bodies collide, the combined momentum of the two bodies will stay the same
projectile motion
height, angle and speed of release
force summation
the correct timing and sequencing of body segments and muscles through a range of motion.
speed
How quickly an object covers distance.
Speed = distance/time
velocity
how quickly an object is changing its position, relative to its starting position.
Velocity = displacement/time
angular momentum
measures an objects resistance to change its state of rotation, relates to newtons 1st law.
Newtons 1st law
inertia - A body will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an
external force.
newton’s 2nd law
force and acceleration - A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration)
in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force.
newton’s 3rd law
every action has an equal and opposite reaction
distance
how far youve travelled
displacement
the change in position of an object (A to B)
acceleration
increase, decrease or change in rate
mechanical advantage
enables us to move a great resistance w/ a minimal force.
axis
turning point of a lever
force
point where force is applied
resistance
weight of whatever a person is trying to move
First class lever
at either end is force and resistance, axis in middle
eg see saw
Second class lever
resistance situated between axis and force
eg. wheelbarrow
third class lever
resistance is weight of an object, force in between axis and resistance.
eg. throwing a ball
equilibrium
balance of forces in opposition to each other
stability
a body resists changing it equilibrium
balance
controlling the state of equilibrium
centre of gravity
central point of an object
base of support
area of an object that is in contact with the surface supporting it
line of gravity
imaginary line which passes through the centre of gravity and continues down into the centre of the object BOS.
qualitative analysis
observation of the quality og human movement to provide ways to improve performance.
Observation
skill is recorded or measured through watching or recording
evaluation
compare pictures or body composition in each phase of movement
error correction
once strengths and weaknesses are identified, analyst can use it to improve the athletes performance.
Individual constraints
internal factors such as physical constraints, level of fitness, body shape etc.
task constraints
task factors eg. equipment, rules of game
environmental constraints
external factors - coaching, peer behaviour, weather.
direct approach
highly structured, coach makes most decisions about practice, feedback at all stages.
POS - effective, master techniques
NEG - repetitive, dependent on coach
constraints based approach
learner takes inquiry approach to independently develop their skills, strategies and tactics. of a game.
often includes modified equipment.
POS - specific to game, involves learner decision making, engaging
NEG - difficult with large groups, harder for coaches to implement
Cognitive stage of learning
- making many errors
- unable to correct error in technique without instruction
- blocked practice and direct approach is best suited
associative stage of learning
- learner tries to refine the skill
- mastered basics
- can identify errors and how to correct them
- random practice and constraints based approach
autonomous stage of learning
- highly skilled and little to no errors
- complete skills with no thought
- read cues in game
- random, distributed practice and open environment are best
factors on skill development
sociocultural factors - family, time, peers, location, community, gender, Socio-economic status
intrinsic feedback
sensory info the learner gets directly from skill execution (internal)
augmented feedback
info about performance from an external source
knowledge of performance
feedback regarding how a skill is performed, assessing performance on the basis of process and skill technique
knowledge of results
info about outcome of skill performance, about relative success or failure in regard to intended goals of the movement skill.
massed practice
little or no rest between repeat performances of a skill
distributed practice
broken up into smaller practice intervals with rest periods
blocked practice
each skill component is practiced repetitively as an independent block
serial practice
in between blocked and random, rehearsing different skills in a fixed and predictable sequence.
random practice
rehearsing a number of different skills in unpredictable sequences
