unit 3 aos 1 Flashcards
define: health and wellbeing
Relating to the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
define: dynamic
constantly changing
define: subjective
different for different people
define: illness (AIHW 2014)
subjective concept related to a personal experience of a disease
define: disease (AIHW 2014)
physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage.
define: physical health and wellbeing
relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks
factors that make up physical health and wellbeing (HFAAASW)
- healthy body weight
- freedom from illness, disease and injury
- adequate energy levels
- ability to complete physical tasks adequately
- appropriate levels of fitness
- strong immune system
- well-functioning body, systems and organs
define: social health and wellbeing
Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations
factors that make up social health and wellbeing (SSAEP)
- support network of friends
- supporting and well-functioning family
- ability to adapt/manage appropriately to different social situations
- effect communication with others
- productive relationships with other people
define: emotional health and wellbeing
Relates to the ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience.
factors that make up emotional health and wellbeing (REEH)
- recognise and understand the range of emotions
- effectively respond to and manage emotions
- experience appropriate emotions in different scenarios
- have a high level of resilience
define: mental health and wellbeing
relates to the state of a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information.
factors that make up mental health and wellbeing (LPPHUP)
- low levels of stress and anxiety
- positive self-esteem
- process information to solve problems
- high levels of confidence
- use logic and reasoning to form opinions and make decisions
- positive thought patterns
define: spiritual health and wellbeing
relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings.
factors that make up spiritual health and wellbeing (SPDA)
- sense of belonging and connection to the world
- positive meaning and purpose in life
- developed personal values and beliefs
- acting according to values and beliefs
How is health and wellbeing different from illness?
Health and wellbeing relates more to the positive end of the continuum where an individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged, whereas illness relates to how a person experiences disease or injury and more relates to the negative end of the continuum
Identify five factors that may influence the way an individual views health and wellbeing.
Factors include age, fitness, body weight, social networks, income, occupation, education and culture
examples to discuss the dynamic nature of illness
- Physical health and wellbeing can be optimal and then the person may contract an infection, causing their physical health and wellbeing to decrease.
- A person may have a large network of friends and then may move to another country which can cause relationships to suffer, affecting social health and wellbeing.
- A person may experience negative thought patterns and then may spend time with close friends which can enhance thought patterns and change their level of mental health and wellbeing.
- A person may not feel a sense of purpose in life and then may get a job that they value which can give them a greater sense of purpose and promote spiritual health and wellbeing.
- A person may experience negative emotions and develop skills to manage these emotions which can change their level of emotional health and wellbeing.
define: optimal health and wellbeing
Optimal health and wellbeing refers to the highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain.
Discuss ways that optimal health and wellbeing can act as a resource:individually
optimal health and wellbeing increases the ability of individuals to live free from pain and concentrate on activities that improve their lives, such as studying, working and socialising.
Identify the nine prerequisites for health according to the World Health Organization
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, equity
define: peace
An absence of conflict which leads to happiness and harmony
define: shelter
Shelter describes a structure that protects the outside environment.
Explain how peace may promote two dimensions of health and wellbeing
- Peace means that individuals are at a reduced risk of physical injury that can be caused by conflict (physical health and wellbeing).
- Peace can reduce levels of stress, enhancing mental health and wellbeing.
- People can leave their homes to socialise, which improves social health and wellbeing.
- People can go about their daily activities, which can promote a sense of purpose in life that enhances spiritual health and wellbeing.
- People experiencing peace can focus on their day-to-day lives, which may assist them in building resilience and therefore enhance emotional health and wellbeing.
define: ecosystem
a community that consists of all the living and non-living components of a particular area. For example the Great Barrier Reef.
Define sustainability
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
define: social justice
Social justice relates to equal rights for all, regardless of personal traits such as sex, class and income, ethnicity, religion, age or sexual orientation. An example is allowing same sex marriage.
define: equity
Equity relates to fairness and means that there are minimum levels of income and resources to which all people should have access. An example of equity is low socioeconomic groups receiving income support.
Explain what is meant by a stable ecosystem and discuss why stable ecosystems are important for human life.
A stable ecosystem means that there is balance between the environment and the species that live in the environment, including humans. It means that resources such as food and water are available for human use and can regenerate as quickly as they are used. A stable ecosystem is important for human life because it provides essential resources for humans to live such as food and water. When an ecosystem is unbalanced, resources are used faster than they can regenerate, which can have significant impacts on human health and wellbeing.
describe how mental health and wellbeing may interrelate with social health and wellbeing
Having high self-esteem levels and feeling good about yourself (mental health and wellbeing) makes a person more likely to participate and interact with people in social situations (social health and wellbeing) as they have the confidence to do so.
why is equity a prerequisite for health at an individual level?
Equity is a prerequisite for health individually because it allows individuals to attend school or work, by giving more resources to those who need it, such as paying for low-income students to buy textbooks, and allows them to participate in their community.
why is equity a prerequisite for health at a global level?
Equity is a prerequisite for health globally because it allows for trade between countries. This is because providing resources to low-income countries allows those countries to participate in trade, which can promote health through global economic growth, because countries can develop their health care resources.
improved health outcome ideas for education
- ability to access food, shelter and healthcare
- access to meaningful employment which increases self esteem and purpose in life
define: food security
the state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through local non-emergency sources (VIC health)
define: income (individual level)
ability to afford resources we need to live a healthy life (healthcare, recreation, transport, education)
define: income (population level)
capacity of governments to provide social services and resources (public housing, education, healthcare, social security, infrastructure, recreation facilities).
define: health status
level of health experienced by an individual/population
define: health indicators
collective term of standard statistics used to measure & compare health status
define: life expectancy
indication of how long a person can expect to live if death rates don’t change
define: health-adjusted life expectancy
average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health
why is life expectancy dynamic?
life expectancy is dynamiic as it fails to consider the quality of the person’s life, and mainly focuses on the quantifiable value of their lives.
define: mortality
death in a population
define: mortality rate
measure of proportion of a population who die in a 1 year period
define: morbidity
refers to ill-health in an individual/level of ill-health in a population/group
define: prevalence
total number of cases of a condition at a given time
define: incidence
the number of new cases of a condition in a given time
define: DALY
disability adjusted life years
define: burden of disease
measure of the impact of disease and injuries
measures gap between current health status and the ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease/disability
how to measure DALY
YLLs + YLDs = DALYs
define: YLL
years of life lost
define: YLD
years of life lost due to disability
define: maternal mortality rate
number of deaths of pregnant women before birth/during birth/first 6 weeks after birth, per 100,000 live deaths
define: infant mortality rate
number of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday per 1000 live deaths
define: health adjusted life years (HALE)
measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but includes an adjustment for time spent in poor health
define: self-assessed health status
measures individual’s overall preception of their own health status at a given point in time
why is self-assessed health status subjective?
self-assessed health status is subjective as it relies on everyone’s unique interpretations of their own health status.
