Unit 3 and 4 Flashcards
Diffusion
The process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time.
Contagious Diffusion
When an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently.
Hierarchical Diffusion
The spread of a trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places.
Stimulus Diffusion
The fundamental idea behind a cultural trait stimulates an innovation or cultural trait.
Cultural Convergence
As cultures interact they become more similar
Multiculturalism
Diverse cultures coexist within a shared space.
Artifacts
The visible objects and technologies that a culture creates.
Sociofacts
Structures and organizations that influence social behavior
Mentifacts
The central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs
Ethnocentrism
the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture
Cultural relativism
the evaluation of a culture solely by its unique standards
Sequent Occupance
the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, which shapes the cultural landscape
Toponyms
place names
Gentrification
the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants in the process.
Language families
includes languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth or origin
Isolate
a language that is not assigned to a language family
Language group
languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
Universalizing Religion
religions that attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people and are open to membership by all, regardless of a person’s location, language, or ethnicity
Ethnic religion
Religions that are closely tied with a particular ethnic group generally in a particular region
Secular
The state of being unrelated to a religion
Sovereignty
the right to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders
Nation
A cultural entity made up of individuals who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, and/or heritage
Nation-State
A territory in which a group that views itself as a nation is the same as the politically recognized boundaries the state calls its own
Multi-state Nation
A nation that consists of a population that shares a cultural or ethnic background but lives in more than one country
