Unit 1 and 2 Flashcards
Site
A place’s absolute location on earth and its physical characteristics
Situation
A place’s connections to other places
Scale
The area of the world being studied
Node
What a functional region is focused on
Periphery
Countries that are less developed and have low levels of economic development
Core
Countries that are more developed and profit the most from the world system
Semi-periphery
Countries that are neither core nor periphery, but somewhere in the middle
Absolute distance
Distance that can be measured using a standard unit of length
Absolute direction
Using the cardinal directions (North, South, East, West)
Relative distance
Distance measure in terms of relative things such as time and money
Relative direction
Direction based on people’s perceptions (Left, Right, Up, Down)
Census
An official count of the number of people in an area
Choropleth map
A map that uses colors or shading to represent categories of data for certain areas
Cartogram
A map that shows the size of an area based on a particular attribute.
Isoline map
A map where lines connect data points of the same value
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
A model that shows how population is changing around the world over time.
Doubling time
The number of years it will take a population that is growing at a certain rate to double
Land degradation
Long-term damage to the soil’s ability to support life
Agricultural density
The total number of farmers per unit of arable land
Arable land
Land that can be used to grow crops
Arithmetic density
The total number of people per unit area of land
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman had during her child bearing years
Population distribution
Where people live within a geographic area
Population density
The number of people occupying a unit of land
Mortality
Deaths as a component of population change
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population an enviroment can sustain
Dependency Ratio
The number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working age group, times 100
Demographics
Data about the structures and characteristics of human population
Overpopulation
A population that exceeds its sustainability size
Anti-Natalist
Ideas that discourage citizens from having children
Pro-Natalist
Idea that encourage births and aim to grow a population
Brain drain
loss of trained or educated people to the lure of another country
Distance decay
How distance effects interactions between places. Greater distance = fewer interactions
Immigration
Movement to a location
Emigration
Movement away from a location
Intervening obstacles
An occurrence that holds immigrants back from continuing their journeys
Intervening opportunity
An occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
Diffusion
The spread of cultural traits through migration
Push factor
Factors that push migrants out of a location
Pull factor
Factors that pull someone towards a new location
Friction of Distance
The longer a distance is the more it will cost, the longer it will take, and the more effort it will take.
Transhumance
The action of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another. It occurs in a seasonal cycle
Chain migration
The process by which family moves to the places that their family members have immigrated to.
Step migration
The process by which some migrants move to intervening locations before they arrive at their final destination.
Guest workers
Temporary laborers who work in another country
Asylum
Protection in another country
Repatriate
To return to their home country
Quotas
A law that places a limit on the maximum number of people who can immigrate to a country in a year.
