Unit 3: Absolutims, the Enlightnment, and Revoultions Flashcards
What are the characteristics of an absolute ruler?
An “absolute” monarch does not share their power with any other governing body. Central authority.
What impact did Absolutism and the Enlightenment have on the WORLD for development of democracy?
gave rise to democratic ideas and revolutions such as the American and French Revolutions
Who are some of the people/what are some of the ideas of the enlightenment that have a lasting impact on today?
Rousseau, Locke, Newton, Voltaire and Diderot
How did changes in society during the Enlightenment impact peoples’ values and daily lives?
changed the ways people understood issues such as liberty, equality, and individual rights.
What is a revolution? Why do revolutions occur?
change in political organization. rising popularity of certain political ideas moral principles, or governance s
What impact did the French Revolution have on the development of democracy?
Made sure creation of a constitutional system of democratic government
Did the outcomes of the French Revolution justify the means? Was it successful?
-There were many new developments
-fall monarchy,
-changes in society
Was Napoleon a rejection of the Revolultion, its continuation, or its completion?
Napoleon did not turn his back on the Revolution.
How are the French, Haitian, and other Latin American Revolutions we looked at related?
Enlightenment ideas and ideals inspired all of them.
What were the long-term effect of the Haitian Revolution?
-ended Napoleon’s attempts to create a French empire in the Western Hemisphere
-Extreme Debt
What are the Divine rights of kings?
A belief in Europe asserted that kings derived their authority from God
What was the Palace of Versailles?
main residence of the French Court and government. Home of King Louis XIV and his wife. Cost lots of money
How did the Three Estates System work? How did it impact the revolution?
-the clergy, nobility and commoners
-who had the power to decide on the levying of new taxes and to undertake reforms in the country
-The opening of the Estates General, on 5 May 1789 in Versailles, also marked the start of the French Revolution.
King Louis XIV and Marie Antionette
-French king who married Austrian duchess who had 4 children only one who lived to adulthood
What was the Bastille?
French state prison that was destroyed durring the revoultion for symoblism
only had 7 priosneres
What was the congress of vienna and why was it made?
It was a group of leaders the joined together to restore the balance of power
What was the Guillotine and what was its purpose?
Used to kill people during the french revolution quickly and in a more humane way.
What was the Reign of Terror?
The period of the French Revolution from 1792-1793
Use of the Guillotine
10,000 people dead
Who was Robespierre?
One of the leaders of the French Revolution during its Reign of Terror
Why does Robespierre argue that Louis XVI must die?
Revolution and monarchy won’t work and that he was a threat to safety
Who is Marat and how is he murdered?
A French politician
Killed in the bath by Charlotte Corday
What are some reasons people could be killed during the Reign of Terror?
Using the term Madame or Monsieur
revolutionary fervor,
Accusations of tression
fighting the price of bread
Accoridng to Robespierre, what is virtue?
destroying the enemy and Civil virtue
Who was Napoleon?
one of the most successful generals of the French revolutionary armies
Made his siblings royal Positions throughout Europe
Definition of Klemens von Metternich
helped form the victorious alliance against Napoleon I and who restored Austria
Why was the idea of the balance of power made?
so that no country would be a threat to others
Peninsulares, creoles,
Peninsulares are Spanish born and made up a tiny percent of the population
Creoles are spainiards born in Latin america
Both of these groups controlled land, wealth and power in the Spanish Coloines
Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?
-A formarly enslaved person in Saint-Dominque that helped free many enslaved africans and took control of all Saint-Dominque
and was in prisoned in the French alps in and died in April of 1803
What was the Haitian Revoultion?
-The first Latin American Colony to free it self from European rule
-Durring the French Recoultion the oppresed people of Haiti rose up against French Enslavers
-Ended in 1804
-Payed 150M francs or war was the only way the people of Haiti could be free from Francs
Who was Jean Jacques Dessalines?
first Haitian Emperor, leader of the Haitian Revolution, and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution.
Who were Símon Bolívar and José de San Martín?
Creole generals that helped free Latin America from spanish rule from 1810 1824.
what was Gran Colombia?
-In 1819 New Granada gained its independence.
It became a republic known as Gran -Colombia, which included what are now Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador
What was Brazilian Independence?
September 7, 1822, Prince Dom Pedro declared Brazil’s independence from Portugal, founding the Empire of Brazil,
