unit 3 A

Question 1

How many bones in average adult?

Answer 1

between 230 to 350

Question 2

Classification of joint

Answer 2

1.Functional classifications
-according to the degree of movement they allow
immovable (sybaritic)
slightly movable(ampiarthortic)
freely movable(diarthrortic)
2.Structural classifications
-according to type of tissue that binds them together
-Fibrous:dense connective tissue
-Cartilaginous:composed of cartilage
-Synovial-complex structure

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

-articulating boens are fastened together by thin layer of dense connective tissue
-none or slight twisting
-structure between bones and skull

Question 4

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

-Articulating bones connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage
-limited movement, as when back is bent or twisted
-joints between bodies of vertebrae

Question 5

Synovial joints

Answer 5

-Articulating ends of bones are surrounded by joint capsule of ligaments and synovial membranes. ends of articulating bones are covered by hyaline cartilage
-allow free movement

Question 6

Ligaments

Answer 6

connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Question 7

tendons

Answer 7

connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

Question 8

Ball and socket joint(spheroidal)

Answer 8

-ball shaped head of one bone , articulates with cup shaped cavity of another
-allows widest range of motion
-shoulder and hip joints

Question 9

2.Condylar joint(ellipsoidal)

Answer 9

-oval shaped condyle of one bone articulated with elliptical cavity of another
-movements in 2 planes
metacarpal or phalanges

Question 10

Plane joint(gliding joint)

Answer 10

-surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
-allows sliding or twisting movements
-wrist, ankle, vertebrae, sacroiliac joints

Question 11

Hinge joint

Answer 11

-convex surface of bone fits into concave surface of another
-flexion and extension
-elbow and phalanges

Question 12

Pivot joint

Answer 12

-cylindrical surface rotates within ring of bone or ligament
-Allows rotation around central axis(uniaxial)
-dens of axis and the atlas

Question 13

Saddle joint

Answer 13

-between bones that have concave and convex areas
-variety of movements, mostly 2 planes(biaxial)
-carpal, and metacarpal of thumb

Question 14

extension joint movement

Answer 14

-straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases

Question 15

flexion joint movement

Answer 15

bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases

Question 16

lateral flexion joint movement

Answer 16

bending the head neck or trunk to the side

Question 17

hyperextension joint movement

Answer 17

straightening beyond normal anatomical position

Question 18

abduction

Answer 18

moving body part away from midline

Question 19

adduction

Answer 19

moving a body part toward the midline

Question 20

Dorsiflexion joint movement

Answer 20

ankle movement that brings foot closer to shin

Question 21

plantar flexion joint movement

Answer 21

ankle movement that moves the foot farther from shin

Question 22

rotation joint movement

Answer 22

movement of a a part around an axis

Question 23

circumduction joint movement

Answer 23

movement of a part so its end follows a circular path

Question 24

pronation joint movement

Answer 24

rotation of forearm so that palm is facing downward or posteriorly

Question 25

supination joint movement

Answer 25

rotation of forearm so that palm is facing upward

Question 26

inversion joint movement

Answer 26

turning the sole of the foot medially

Question 27

eversion joint movement

Answer 27

turning the sole of the foot laterally

Question 28

Protraction joint movement

Answer 28

moving a part of body forward

Question 29

retraction joint movement

Answer 29

moving part of body backward

Question 30

elevation joint movement

Answer 30

raising a part of body

Question 31

depression

Answer 31

lowering a part of body