Unit 1

Question 1

Accessory structures of the skin include?

Answer 1

-hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors

Question 2

Important for maintaining homeostasis

Answer 2

1.body temperature regulation
2.slows down water loss
3.excrete wastes

Question 3

Skin has 2 layers

Answer 3

1.Epidermis-thin, avascular, outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium
2.Dermis-thicker, inner layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle and nervous tissue

Question 4

What’s another fun skin layer?

Answer 4

-Subcutaneous layer(hypodermic)
-layer underneath dermis, binds skin to tissue, but is not part of skin.
-contains major blood vessels that supply the skin

Question 5

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

1.Stratum basale(deepest layer)
2.Stratum spinosum
3.Stratum granulosum
4.Stratum corneum(outermost layer)
5.Stratum lucidum(found only int thick skin of palms and soles)

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

-Cells that produce melanin
-Found in deepest layer of epidermis

Question 7

Eumelanin is?

Answer 7

Brownish black

Question 8

Pheomelanin is?

Answer 8

reddish yellow

Question 9

What is cyanosis?

Answer 9

Poorly oxygenated blood that looks blue

Question 10

The dermis

Answer 10

-binds epidermis to underlying tissue

Question 11

The dermis

Answer 11

-Contains nerve fibers, sensory receptors, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands

Question 12

Nails

Answer 12

-Consists of nail plate overlying nail bed
-Lunula is the most actively growing region of the nail root

Question 13

Each hair develops from?

Answer 13

epithelial stem cells at base of hair follicle

Question 14

The deepest part of hair root is called ?

Answer 14

hair bulb

Question 15

How do hair shafts form?

Answer 15

-Once new cells are formed in the bulb, old ones are used outward and they die forming the case in point

Question 16

What do arrector pili muscles do ?

Answer 16

-they attach to each hair follicle, when it contracts, in response to cold temp. or feelings it causes goose bums

Question 17

Sudorifeous sweat glands

Answer 17

-secretions exit cells via exocytosis

Question 18

merocrine glands

Answer 18

-respond to body temp. found in forehead neck back

Question 19

Apocrine glands

Answer 19

-active at puberty, respond to fear, pain, sexual arousal, produces body odour

Question 20

Sebaceous glands

Answer 20

-Secrete sebum, that waterproofs and moisturizes hair shafts and skin

Question 21

Modified sweat glands

Answer 21

1.Ceruminous glands-secrete wax in ear canal
2.Mammary glands-secrete milk to nourish a baby

Question 22

hyperthermia

Answer 22

-Core body temp over 41 C

Question 23

Hypothermia

Answer 23

core body temp below 35 C

Question 24

Healing of wounds

Answer 24

-Inflamation which causes blood vessels to dilate brings in immune cells to aid in healing
-superficial cuts filled in by reproducing epithelial cells

Question 25

Healing of deep wounds

Answer 25

-formation of a blood clot that then form scab to cover wound
-extensive collagen fiber production in the area may form a scar

Question 26

Burns

Answer 26

1. first degree
   -only epidermis
   -no blisters, red painful
   2.second degree
   -destroys epidermis +part of dermis
   -blisters, swollen painful
   3.Third degree
   -destroys epidermis, dermis and accessory structures
   -skin is dry and leathery , red , white or black