Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Grade 11 biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Respiration

A

1) Breathing- Air enters and leaves lungs
2) External respiration- Exchange of gasses between air and blood (diffusion)
3) Internal respiration- Exchange of gasses between the blood and tissue fluids
4) Cellular respiration- Production of energy in the blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trachea

A

Cartilage rings hold it open, nasal cavities are lined with cilia that sweep particles to the back of throat, trachea is lined with cilia that sweep particles upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that covers the opening of the trachea when food is being swallowed, reflex action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box, located at upper end of trachea, contains vocal cords which vibrate, different sounds are produced depending on the tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bronchi

A

Cartilage rings that branch off trachea and carry into lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchioles

A

Branch off bronchi, smooth muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alveolus

A

Gas diffuses (high concentration to low concentration) between air and blood. Surrounded by capillaries. Measure between 0.1 and 0.2 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gas exchange

A

Oxygen generally moves from air into the lungs unto the alveolus and into the capillaries. CO2 moves from the blood into the alveoli and then into the lung air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Surrounds outer surface of the lungs. Fills with fluid to reduce friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleural membrane and build up of fluids in the chest cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Breathing movements

A

Diaphragm contracts and pulls down, the pressure in the lungs decreasing and the chest volume increases. when pressure is high in lungs, air enters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

Not used for normal breathing. Pull rib cage down during normal exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Found between the ribs, when contracted they pull rib cage upwards and outwards which increases the volume of the chest cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

A

1) Each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure and partial pressure
2) The total pressure in a mixture of non reactive gasses is equal to the sum of the partial pressures in the individual gasses
3) Gasses diffuse from an area of high partial pressures to an area of lower partial pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Air

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Energy equation

A

glucose+ O2 = ATP energy + CO2 + H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metabolize

A

All collective chemical reactions organisms preform to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vital capacity/ total lung capacity/ tidal volume

A

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Residual volume

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Expiratory reverse volume

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inspiratory reverse volume

A

The volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lung caused by air between pleural membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vessels and blood function

A

Transports nutrients, waste, respiratory gasses, communication hormones, temp. regulation, immunity

25
Q

Circulatory system components

A

1) Blood- Fluid in which materials are dissolved
2) Blood vessels: Network of tubes or body spaces
3) Heart: Force for moving liquids

26
Q

Internal transport

A

1) To deliver oxygen and nutrients to every call or the organism
2) To remove waste products of the cellular process
3) To serve as the pathway for chemical messenger (hormones, immunity)

27
Q

Our blood

A

Connective tissue
55% plasma: yellow fluid
45% formed elements (cells and fragments)

28
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of red blood cells

29
Q

Body contains _____ of blood

A

4-6 L

30
Q

Types of internal transport

A

1) Simple: Diffusion of nutrients across cell membrane, followed by a direct exchange of materials and cells through fluids
2) Open transport sustem: Only one blood vessel where fluid sloshes around the entire body cavity
3) Simple closed transport system: Blood pumps through closed vessels
4) Complex closed transport system: Chambered hearts

31
Q

Plasma

A

90% water, dissolves CO2, HCO3, nutrients, waste, salt ions, plasma proteins. hormones

32
Q

X

A

Refers to the systolic pressure, the contraction period of the heart. When blood if forced from the heart into the circulating system

33
Q

Y

A

Diastolic pressure, resting period. When the heard expands and receives another supply of blood

34
Q

Hemolymph

A

A mixture of blood and tissue fluid that is the circulating fluid in an open circulator system

35
Q

Atrium

A

Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body

36
Q

Ventricle

A

A chamber of heart that pumps blood to the body

37
Q

Septum

A

A wall of tissues that divides a body cavity or structure into smaller parts

38
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

The part of the circulatory system that delivers blood to the lungs

39
Q

Systematic circuit

A

The part of there circulatory system that delivers blood around the body

40
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells. Only live 120 days. Shape maximizes surface area, no nucleus in mature cells. Transports 02 using hemoglobin

41
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells, 1 in every 700 rbcs. Formed from stem cells in the bone marrow. Mature cells possess one or more nuclei. Immune system

42
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets. Required for clotting, live about 10 days.

43
Q

Blood vessels

A

1) Arteries lead away from the heart. Thick walled, muscular, elastic, smaller branches called arterioles lead away from the heart
2) Veins lead towards the heart. Thin walled and less muscular. Posses one way valves and smaller branches called venues
3) Capillaries connect arteriole system to venous system

44
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Part of circulatory system ensures blood volume is maintained. Part of immune system, filters out bacteria from the blood

45
Q

Lymph

A

Tissue fluid collected in lymph vessels and returned to the blood

46
Q

Lymphnode

A

An enlargement in the lymph vessels that act as a filter to remove bacteria

47
Q

Spleen

A

Acts as a filter and receiver of erythrocytes and lymphocytes

48
Q

Stages of digestion

A

1) Ingestion: Taking in of nutrients. Food must be in water for us to taste it
2) Digestion: The breakdown of molecules into smaller components
3) Absorption: Transpot of digestive nutrients to the tissues
4) Egestion: Removal of waste materials from the body

49
Q

Esophagus

A

Smooth muscle, waves of contraction called peristalsis which moves fool along

50
Q

Stomach

A

Stores food and digests protein. PH of 3. Made up of 3 sphincters

51
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Located at opening of stomach

52
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Located at exit of stomach

53
Q

Stomach lining

A

Lining has judges so it can expand, lining cells secrete secrete: mucus (provides a protective coating) HCL (kills harmful substances) and pepsin (protein digestive enzyme)

54
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum (where most absorption happens) ilium and jejunum. Lining has circular folds (villi) triple surface area, covered in epithelia cells which multiply the surface area X10

55
Q

Enzymes

A

Help us break down food. Work best at 37C and certain PH depending on enzyme

56
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Greatly increases oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

57
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

9% in plasma
27% combines with hemoglobin
64% combines with H2O to from H2CO3

58
Q

Path of blood

A 
Superior/ inferior vena cava 
Right atrium 
Tricusp valve
Right ventricle 
Semi- lunar valve 
Pulmonary artery 
Pulmonary veins 
Left atrium 
Mitral valve 
Left ventricle 
Semilunar valve 
Aorta 
Body

Grade 11 biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions