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Grade 11 biology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of classification

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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2
Q

Species

A

Group that looks alike and can breed with each other to produce viable offspring

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3
Q

Bacteria

A

archaebacteria (primitive) and eubacteria are found where other organisms can’t survive

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4
Q

Good bacteria

A

Sources of antibiotics and decomposes in nutrient cycles

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5
Q

Bad bacteria

A

Can cause decease by growing too numerous in the host, destroys host cells and tissues by producing toxins

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6
Q

Basic bacterial shapes and clusters

A

Shapes: Spherical- coccus (cocci) Rod shaped- bacillus (Bacilli) spiral- sprillium (spirilla)

Clusters: diplo- 2
Strepto- chain
Staphylo- clump

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7
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Require oxygen

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8
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Can’t survive with oxygen

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9
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can survive with or without oxygen

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10
Q

Viruses

A

Not living, can only survive inside another living cell, capsid contains nucleic acid and makes up for 95% of virus. They will only effect bacteria, only plants or only animals. They destroy the cells they infect so antibiotics are not effective but they can be prevented with vaccines

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11
Q

Bacteriophages

A

viruses eat bacteria and inject their DNA (have a specific host range)

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12
Q

Protists

A

Eukaryotic, unicellular, ancient, aquatic. Plant like: contains chlorophyll- algae Animal like: heterotrophs, moist habitats- amoeba Fungi like: Slime moulds

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13
Q

Plants versus fungi

A 
Plants :
One nucleus per cell
Autotrophs 
Starch is main storage molecule 
Roots 
Cellulose in cell wall
Reproduce by seed

Fungi: 
Many nuclei per cell 
Heterotrophs 
Few or no storage molecules 
No roots 
Chitin in cell walls 
None reproduce by seed
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14
Q

Fugi characteristics

A

Eukaryotic, anchored in soil, reproduction can be sexual, asexual or both

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15
Q

Fungi cell structure

A

Hyphae: thin ligaments that branch out and make body. Consist of long tubes of cytoplasm containing many nucleii
Compartments are called septa

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16
Q

Importance of fungi

A

Decomposes and recycles

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17
Q

Animal major characteristics

A

Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs and most are motile. 95% are invertebrates, cells are organized into tissues and organs, can be sexual or aquatic

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18
Q

Asymmetrical

A

No body symmetry

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19
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Parts arranged around a central axis

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20
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Left and right are mirror images of each other

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21
Q

Coelomates

A

True body cavity, organisms are suspended by a mesentery with a hollow space

22
Q

Psedocolemates

A

Have a false body cavity and two body openings

23
Q

Acolemates

A

Mouth is only opening

24
Q

Embryonic development

A

Germ layer, develops into various body organs

25
Porifera
``` Sponges (demo sponges) Most are marine (some freshwater) No definite shape No tissue organization Larvae are free swimming but adults are sessile Hermaphrodotic ```
26
Cnidaria
Jellyfish (anything with stinging cells) Most are marine All have radial symmetry Two definite tissue layers Polyp: cylindrical, sessile, mouth shaped upwards and tentacles surrounding it Medusa: free floating, umbrella shaped, mouths downwards and tentacles hanging down around it
27
Plathelminthes
Flatworms (tapeworms) Simplest animals with organs | acolemates, flattened bodies with bilateral sypetry and capitalization
28
Nematode
Round worms (hookworms) found everywhere. most are parasites, ruby bodies and bilateral symmetry , pseducoelomates, males are smaller then females
29
Annelida
Segmented worms (earth worms) collimates with bilateral symmetry. freshwater marine or terrestrial
30
Mollusca
Squid, muscles Built on a body of mantle shell and for mantle secretes shell and involved in respiration shell provides support protection and secures attachment for the muscle Foot is fleshy and contains most of the viscera
31
Arthropod
Biggest and most diverse, bilaterally symmetrical, covered in tough exoskeleton. Has 5 main groups. Horseshoe crabs: most successful Arachnids: scorpions Crustaceans: aquatic, lobsters etc centipedes and millipedes
32
Echinoderm
Starfish, no body segmentation, radial symmetry, marine
33
Chordata
``` Hollow nerve cord on dorsal side Notochord- rod between nerve cord and digestive track Gill structure in pharynx Post anal tail Digestive tube behind mouth ```
34
Agnathans
Fish lacking jaws
35
Chondrichthyes
cartilaginous fish
36
Osteichthyes/ actiopterygii
bony fish
37
Amphibia
Adapted to terrestrial and aquatic environments
38
Reptalia
Descendants of amphibians
39
Aves
Birds
40
Mammalian
Have hair and mammary glands
41
Vascular plants
xylem: transports water Phloem: transports nutrients Can by gymnosperms (naked seeds) or angiosperms (enclosed seeds)
42
Monocots
One vein
43
Dicots
Two veins
44
Non vascular plants
No conductive tissue, no roots stem or leaves. Can't reproduce unless a film of moisture can carry gametes between plants
45
History and evolution
Ancestors of plants were all aquatic (500 million years ago) because water is needed for photosynthesis, 50 million years later moved onto barren rock for better axis to the sun. Seeds evolved to they would reproduce
46
Alternation of generations
Life cycle of plants, diploid generation produces spores and haploid generation produces gametes
47
Bryophytes
Non vascular and seedless- developed 450-400 million years ago, live in moist environments Reproduction: haploid gametes produced by antheridium (produces sperm) and archegonium (produces eggs) diploid sporangium produces haploid spores
48
Lycophytes
Club mosses, vascular and seedless, evolved 360-300 million years ago. Moist climate Reproduction: Haploid gametes produced from gametophyte, sporophyte diploid growing from gametophyte produces haploid spores
49
deuterostomes
Becomes the anus
50
protostomes
Becomes the mouth

Grade 11 biology (4 decks)

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